Peace Agreements Database

Country/entity

Togo

Region

Africa (excl MENA)

Agreement name

Dialogue inter-togolais: accord cadre de Lomé

Date

27/09/1999

Agreement status

Multiparty signed/agreed

Interim arrangement

No

Agreement/conflict level

Intrastate/intrastate conflict (Togolese Conflicts (1946 - )

Since gaining its independence from France in 1960, Togo was ruled by various authoritarian regimes that at times harshly suppressed any political opposition. Although opposition parties were legalised and a democratic constitution introduced in the early 1990s, election tampering and the suppression of opposition under the rule of the military commander Gnassingbe Eyadema remained common. Protests over rigged elections lead to the killing of hundreds in 1998, resulting in several internationally backed mediation efforts. After Gnassingbe Eyadema died after 38 years of rule in 2005, his son Faure Gnassingbe took over and re-won the presidency in questionably free elections shortly thereafter.

Togolese Conflicts (1946 - ) )

Stage

Framework/substantive - partial (Core issue)

Conflict nature

Government

Peace process

118: Togo peace process

Parties

For the Presidential Office:
the Gathering of the Togolese People (RPT)
the Convention of the New Forces (CFN)

Professor Fambaré Ouattara Natchaba,
RPT member of the Political Bureau

For the Committee of Action for Renewal (CAR)
Yawovi Agboyibo, National President

For Convention African Peoples Democratic (FDC)
Mr. Leopold Gnininvi, Secretary General

For Party for Democracy and Renewal (PDR)
Monseiur Zarifou Ayeva, President

For the Union of Forces for Change (UFC)
Mr. Emmanuel Akitani Bob, First Vice President

For the Togolese Union for Democracy (UTD)
the Party of the pure-Action on Development (PAD)
Democratic party pure Unite (PDU)
the Union for the Democracy and Solidarity (UDS)
Mr. Edem Kodjo, President

Third parties

The Facilitators;
For the EU, Georg Reisch,
For the International Organization of Francophonie, Moustapha Niasse,
For the Republic of France, Bernard Stasi,
For the Republic of Germany, Paul von Stulpnagel,

Description

Following the political crises in Togo the EU, France, Germany, and the international organisation of Francophonie were asked to facilitate an inter-Togolese dialogue which started on July 19, 1999 in Lomé. The different parties agreed the agenda and presented their viewpoints and proposals. The facilitators drafted a summary of the debates and a list of the points on which agreement was found. The participants express the wish to see the facilitators be part of the following stages and help Togo democratise.
Content of the negotiation: The first objective of the negotiation is to create a climate of trust to help with national reconciliation. All parties insist on democratic institutions. They agree to democracy, state of law, respect of Human Rights, development and security for all. The document then lists the topics up for discussion: respect of the constitution and conditions for political alternation (also addressed status of former heads of states, political leaders and status of the opposition; financing of political parties; media), democratic organisation and transparent elections (inter alia the president decided to dissolve the National Assembly and call new legislative elections to allow the different political movements to be represented), security and return of refugees and displaced people (this also addressed an amnesty law from 1994, the dissolution of militia and the collection of illegally held arms), and the restoration of the international image of Togo. A committee is established to follow up (12 members of the presidential movement and 12 members from the opposition, the facilitators will preside) until the next legislative elections.

Agreement document

TG_990729_Dialogue Inter-Togolais, Accord Cadre de Lome.pdf []

Agreement document (original language)

TG_990729_Dialogue Inter-togolais, Accord Cadre de Lomé_FR.pdf []

Main category

Page 6, MIXED MONITORING COMMITTEE (CPS)
... Only through restabilising confidence, passionate desire, and the ongoing determination of all the players in Togolese political life, will it be possible to permanently transform the efforts being made into a better future for the children, women and men of this country.

Women, girls and gender

Participation

No specific mention.

Equality

No specific mention.

Particular groups of women

No specific mention.

International law

No specific mention.

New institutions

No specific mention.

Violence against women

No specific mention.

Transitional justice

No specific mention.

Institutional reform

No specific mention.

Development

No specific mention.

Implementation

No specific mention.

Other

Page 6, MIXED MONITORING COMMITTEE (CPS)
... Only through restabilising confidence, passionate desire, and the ongoing determination of all the players in Togolese political life, will it be possible to permanently transform the efforts being made into a better future for the children, women and men of this country.