Tumaini Initiative: Tumaini Consensus for Sustainable Peace in South Sudan: Protocols for Initialing

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Country/entity: South Sudan
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Tumaini Initiative: Tumaini Consensus for Sustainable Peace in South Sudan: Protocols for Initialing
Date: 15 Jul 2024
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: South Sudan post-secession process
Parties: Hon. Amb. Albino Mathom Ayuel Aboug / Revitalized-Transitional Government of National Unity, Head of Delegation
Gen. Pa’gan Amum Okiech / South Sudan Opposition Movements Alliance (SSOMA), Chairman, Real-SPLM
Gen. Paul Malong Awan / South Sudan Opposition Movements Alliance (SSOMA), Chairman and C-in-C, South Sudan United Front/Army
Gen. Stephen Buoy Rolnyang / South Sudan United National Alliance (SSUNA), Chairman and C-in-C, South Sudan People’s Movement / Army
Gen. Mario Loku Thomas Jada / National Salvation Front - Revolutionary Command Council, Chairman and C-in-C
Dr Pauline Riak / Academia
Patrick Godi / Youth
Bridget Nagomoro / Women
Geoffrey Lou Duke / Civil Society
Bishop Moses Deng / Faith Based
Shiekh Jaralnebi Khamis / Faith Based
Gov. Kuel Aguer Kuel / People’s Coalition for Civil Action
Lt. Gen. Lazaro Sumbeiywo (Rtd) / Chief Mediator
Amb. Dr. Mohamed Ali Guyo / Deputy Chief Mediator
Amb. Ismail Waiss / IGAD Special Envoy to South Sudan, Co-mediator
Paolo Impagliazzo / Community of Sant’ Egidio, Co-mediator
Dr. A. Korir SingOei / GOK, State Department of Foreign Affairs, Principal Secretary
Third parties: -
Description: The South Sudan government and holdout groups signed 8 protocols in Kenya as part of the Tumaini Initiative peace process. The 25-page document outlines an inclusive governance structure, covering areas like executive roles, legislature, security, and constitutional processes. It also includes provisions on humanitarian access, ceasefire, and security arrangements. The agreement aims to expand inclusivity in South Sudan's political processes.

Agreement document: SS_240715_Tumaini Protocols (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: Groups→Children/youth→Substantive
Preamble
...
RECOGNIZING the importance of gender parity and empowerment in all spaces and committed to promote intergenerational considerations, the Parties commit to ensure representation of youth, persons with special needs, and at least 35% of women across public institutions;
...
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.4 Strict adherence to constitutional guarantees for equitable representation of all South Sudanese in public institutions and particularly to achieve representation of youth, persons with special needs, and at least 35% of women across, public institutions;
...
2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
2.3 Establish, continue and enhance Quick Impact Programs and service delivery targeting vulnerable groups affected by conflict and natural disasters including children, orphans, women, widows, persons with special needs, and war-wounded; and
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms
...
4.3.4 Taking measures including legislative reforms, to address inter-communal violence, child abduction, movement of cattle, cattle-raiding/ rustling in South Sudan.
Disabled persons: Groups→Disabled persons→Substantive
Preamble
...
RECOGNIZING the importance of gender parity and empowerment in all spaces and committed to promote intergenerational considerations, the Parties commit to ensure representation of youth, persons with special needs, and at least 35% of women across public institutions;
...
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.4 Strict adherence to constitutional guarantees for equitable representation of all South Sudanese in public institutions and particularly to achieve representation of youth, persons with special needs, and at least 35% of women across, public institutions;
...
2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
2.3 Establish, continue and enhance Quick Impact Programs and service delivery targeting vulnerable groups affected by conflict and natural disasters including children, orphans, women, widows, persons with special needs, and war-wounded; and
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.2 Enhanced civilian protection and secured access to emergency humanitarian and other assistance particularly to vulnerable population including displaced persons, returnees and refugees;
...
2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
2.2 Strengthen the safeguard measures to returnees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and their families, the reinstatement of their properties in accordance with their constitutional rights and applicable legislations, rules and regulations and full reintegration to their communities or residence of their choice;
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: Preamble
...
RECOGNIZING the importance of gender parity and empowerment in all spaces and committed to promote intergenerational considerations, the Parties commit to ensure representation of youth, persons with special needs, and at least 35% of women across public institutions;
...
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.4 Strict adherence to constitutional guarantees for equitable representation of all South Sudanese in public institutions and particularly to achieve representation of youth, persons with special needs, and at least 35% of women across, public institutions;
...
2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
2.3 Establish, continue and enhance Quick Impact Programs and service delivery targeting vulnerable groups affected by conflict and natural disasters including children, orphans, women, widows, persons with special needs, and war-wounded; and
...
6. Guarantors
...
6.2 External Guarantors / Observers
...
List of People to Initial the Tumaini Consensus Protocols – 15 July 2024
...
Bridget Nagomoro / Women
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Preamble
...
AWARE that the Tumaini Consensus resolves the conflict between the Revitalized-Transitional Government of National Unity (R TGONU), South Sudan Opposition Movements Alliance (SSOMA) and other opposition groups, to achieve inclusive peace in the Republic of South Sudan, and that the ongoing, pending programs in Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (R-ARCSS), and newly established programs in the Tumaini Consensus, shall provide the framework for peacebuilding and democratization in South Sudan;
...
This roadmap comprises several elements:
...
Third the need for establishing an inclusive government and firming the basis for responsibility sharing.
Politics of inclusion and sharing responsibilities hold the key to peace building and good governance.
...
Eighth the Permanent Constitution Making Process as part of this consensus will consider past and present challenges, provide a strong and inclusive foundation for stability, wellbeing of citizens, sustainable development and build a society founded on democratic values, rights and freedoms.
...
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.1 Respect for the sovereignty of the Republic of South Sudan and its people demonstrated through a people-centered and inclusive Permanent Constitution Making Process;
...
1.3 Commitment to a genuine national healing and reconciliation and the building of enduring trust and confidence in South Sudanese society founded on the principles of justice, equality, human dignity, and the advancement of societal welfare;
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
4.1 Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC)
...
4.1.4.2 Oversee the disarmament and ending of private militias through the JDSB and create political space that promotes peace, national unity, equal opportunity and democratic processes to address underlying issues that drive conflicts;
4.1.4.3 Oversee and ensure the deployment of Armed forces across the country and at the borders to maintain the territorial integrity of the Republic of South Sudan;
...
4.2 Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB)
...
4.2.2.5 Ensure deployment of Armed Forces across the Country, including at the Borders, to maintain territorial integrity of the Republic of South Sudan.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→General references
This roadmap comprises several elements:
...
Fifth implementing economic recovery programs and institutional reforms to manage public resources will be prioritized to realize the dividends of peace and development.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.2 Enhanced civilian protection and secured access to emergency humanitarian and other assistance particularly to vulnerable population including displaced persons, returnees and refugees;
...
1.4 Strict adherence to constitutional guarantees for equitable representation of all South Sudanese in public institutions and particularly to achieve representation of youth, persons with special needs, and at least 35% of women across, public institutions;
...
2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support
THAT the Parties and Stakeholders reiterate their commitment to creating an enabling political, administrative, operational and legal environment for the delivery of humanitarian assistance and protection of vulnerable communities, humanitarian workers and individuals in South Sudan.
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
2.1 Commit to the facilitation and provision of humanitarian assistance to those in need of such assistance as a result of previous and current conflicts, natural disasters and other factors;
...
3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures
...
3.7 The Parties and Stakeholders or their representatives in the Tumaini Initiative, shall make a confidence-building visit to Juba, South Sudan to hold joint public forums, to publicize, and to commit to the Tumaini Initiative;
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
4.1 Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC)
...
4.1.3.1 Representatives of the Parties and Stakeholders signatory to Tumaini Consensus and R-ARCSS
...
4.1.3.3 South Sudanese eminent personalities / academics
...
6. Guarantors
...
6.1 Internal Guarantors
...
6.1.8 The NLC shall establish a National Implementation and Oversight Committee (NIOC) composed of members seconded by each party represented at the NLC, nominees of Civil Society Organisations, Faith-Based groups, other Stakeholders, Donors and Partners, and whose mandate shall be to:
6.1.8.1 Act as secretariat of the NLC and, in coordination with Tumaini Initiative, provide technical and administrative support to the NLC to enable the Council to carry-out its functions and duties;
6.1.8.2 Manage the day-to-day coordination of activities in the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus; and
6.1.8.3 Establish a system to track the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus in coordination with Tumaini Initiative.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: Governance→Constitution→Constitution affirmation/renewal
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.4 Strict adherence to constitutional guarantees for equitable representation of all South Sudanese in public institutions and particularly to achieve representation of youth, persons with special needs, and at least 35% of women across, public institutions;
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures
...
3.2 Expedite the repeal of Sections 54, 55 and 57 of the National Security Act 2014 so as to conform with the provisions of the Constitution, R-ARCSS and the Tumaini Consensus before the commencement of the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;
...
3.5 The Government shall take immediate and appropriate measures to fully guarantee, without exception, the freedom of association and assembly of all persons in South Sudan, in conformity with the Constitution and the law;
Governance→Constitution→Constitutional reform/making
Preamble
...
COGNIZANT that Federal system is a popular demand of the people of South Sudan and the constitution shall be drafted based on Federal arrangements and structures.
...
This roadmap comprises several elements:
...
This Framework presents strong mechanisms for building trust and confidence so as to implement agreed programs and collectively make a Permanent Constitution for South Sudan and secure sustainable peace.
...
Eighth the Permanent Constitution Making Process as part of this consensus will consider past and present challenges, provide a strong and inclusive foundation for stability, wellbeing of citizens, sustainable development and build a society founded on democratic values, rights and freedoms.
...
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.1 Respect for the sovereignty of the Republic of South Sudan and its people demonstrated through a people-centered and inclusive Permanent Constitution Making Process;
...
1.10 Enhance the decentralized system of government during the transitional period and expedite the process of constitution-making to realize the popular demand of the people of South Sudan to establish a federal system of government; and

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: Power sharing→Territorial power sharing→Federal or similar sub-divided government
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.10 Enhance the decentralized system of government during the transitional period and expedite the process of constitution-making to realize the popular demand of the people of South Sudan to establish a federal system of government; and
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Merger of forces
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
The Parties commit to the reform and reorganization of the Security Sector in order to create unified professional national forces that include the Armed Opposition Groups.
THAT to achieve unification of forces, all the mechanisms below shall be reconstituted to ensure inclusion of the Armed Opposition Groups.
The defections of security elements or forces shall not be allowed during the Transitional Period and all Armed Forces shall remain under their respective command pending their unification.
...
4.1 Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC)
...
4.1.4.1 Oversee the assembly and cantonment/barracking of all security forces, organization, screening, training, unification, deployment and provision of logistics in cantonment sites, barracks and movement of forces as per Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB) program, including among others;
...
4.2 Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB)
...
4.2.2.2 Restructure and unify the army and other organized forces in accordance with the provisions of R-ARCSS and the Tumaini Consensus;
Power sharing→Military power sharing→Joint command structures
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
The Officers from Tumaini Parties shall be included in the existing Unified Command.
Power sharing→Military power sharing→Other
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
4.1 Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC)
4.1.1 A Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC) shall be established to conduct reforms by overseeing, directing and supervising the security sector reform during the Transitional Period;
4.1.2 The SSROC shall be headed by a neutral and competent South Sudanese security/ military expert who shall be vetted by the National Leadership Council (NLC);
4.1.3 The SSROC shall be further composed of the following:
4.1.3.1 Representatives of the Parties and Stakeholders signatory to Tumaini Consensus and R-ARCSS
4.1.3.2 South Sudanese military and security experts
4.1.3.3 South Sudanese eminent personalities / academics
4.1.3.4 Regional and international experts
4.1.4 The Mandate of the SSROC shall be to:
4.1.4.1 Oversee the assembly and cantonment/barracking of all security forces, organization, screening, training, unification, deployment and provision of logistics in cantonment sites, barracks and movement of forces as per Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB) program, including among others;
4.1.4.2 Oversee the disarmament and ending of private militias through the JDSB and create political space that promotes peace, national unity, equal opportunity and democratic processes to address underlying issues that drive conflicts;
4.1.4.3 Oversee and ensure the deployment of Armed forces across the country and at the borders to maintain the territorial integrity of the Republic of South Sudan;
4.1.4.4 Oversee the simultaneous general disarmament, and destruction of the arms collected from civilians using the unified security forces across the country;
4.1.4.5 Oversee the assembly and cantonment/barracking of forces, organization, screening, training, unification and deployment of all Unified Forces shall be completed within a specified period from the date of signing of the Tumaini Consensus;
4.1.4.6 Ensure fair treatment of all the security forces including their remuneration during the training;
4.1.4.7 Receive progress reports from mechanisms tasked with security reform processes;
4.1.4.8 Report to the National Leadership Council (NLC);
4.1.4.9 Supervise and oversee the screening of unfit personnel by the JDSB, and coordinate with the DDR Commission on their demobilization and reintegration; and
4.1.4.10 Direct and supervise the establishment of the Committees for Defense and Security which shall be Chaired by the respective heads of the Defense and Security Mechanisms in the JDSB;
4.1.4.11 The Committees of the JDSB shall be as follows:
4.1.4.11.1 Defense/Military;
4.1.4.11.2 Police Service;
4.1.4.11.3 Prison Service;
4.1.4.11.4 Wildlife Service;
4.1.4.11.5 Civil Defense Service [Fire Brigade]; and
4.1.4.11.6 National Security Service.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.5 Protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, such as freedom of expression, association, assembly and movement for the people of South Sudan, as shall be regulated by law;
1.6 Protection of press freedoms and widening of civic and political space in the country, as shall be regulated by law;
...
1.9 Mutual respect and tolerance, respect for opinions, transparency, respect for the rule of law, accountability, the unfettered access to relevant information and commitment to building of consensus;
...
1.11 Parliament shall enact enabling laws and amend existing laws to be in conformity with the Tumaini Consensus and Transitional Constitution of South Sudan 2011 (as amended).
2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
2.2 Strengthen the safeguard measures to returnees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and their families, the reinstatement of their properties in accordance with their constitutional rights and applicable legislations, rules and regulations and full reintegration to their communities or residence of their choice;
...
3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures
...
3.5 The Government shall take immediate and appropriate measures to fully guarantee, without exception, the freedom of association and assembly of all persons in South Sudan, in conformity with the Constitution and the law;
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
4.1 Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC)
...
4.1.5 There shall be established a force to be known as VIP Protection Units whose functions and duties shall be determined by law.
...
4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms
...
4.3.4 Taking measures including legislative reforms, to address inter-communal violence, child abduction, movement of cattle, cattle-raiding/ rustling in South Sudan.
5. Protocol on Communal Conflicts, Armed Civilians, and Land Disputes
...
5.3 Formulate policies, laws, and establish institutions for addressing root causes of conflict, communal violence, armed civilian groups, and land disputes, thereby contributing to overall peace and stability in South Sudan;
5.4 Enhance coordination and implementation of community dispute resolution mechanisms for addressing land issues, local conflicts, peacebuilding, reconciliation, social cohesion and integration whose functions and composition shall be determined by law;
...
5.10 Facilitate nationwide consultations on the management of small arms and light weapons in the hands of civilians, in order to disarm them in accordance with the law and human rights principles; and
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Freedom of movement
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.5 Protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, such as freedom of expression, association, assembly and movement for the people of South Sudan, as shall be regulated by law;
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures
...
3.4 The Government shall take immediate and appropriate measures to fully guarantee the freedom of movement of political leaders, in and outside South Sudan;
Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Freedom of speech
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.5 Protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, such as freedom of expression, association, assembly and movement for the people of South Sudan, as shall be regulated by law;
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures
...
3.6 The Government shall take immediate and appropriate measures to fully guarantee, without exception, the freedom of expression of all persons in South Sudan, including freedom of the media, and equal access for all to the State Media;
Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Freedom of association
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.5 Protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, such as freedom of expression, association, assembly and movement for the people of South Sudan, as shall be regulated by law;
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures
...
3.5 The Government shall take immediate and appropriate measures to fully guarantee, without exception, the freedom of association and assembly of all persons in South Sudan, in conformity with the Constitution and the law;
Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Thought, opinion, conscience and religion
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.5 Protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, such as freedom of expression, association, assembly and movement for the people of South Sudan, as shall be regulated by law;
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures
...
3.5 The Government shall take immediate and appropriate measures to fully guarantee, without exception, the freedom of association and assembly of all persons in South Sudan, in conformity with the Constitution and the law;
3.6 The Government shall take immediate and appropriate measures to fully guarantee, without exception, the freedom of expression of all persons in South Sudan, including freedom of the media, and equal access for all to the State Media;
Socio-economic rights: Human rights and equality→Socio-economic rights→Property
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
2.2 Strengthen the safeguard measures to returnees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and their families, the reinstatement of their properties in accordance with their constitutional rights and applicable legislations, rules and regulations and full reintegration to their communities or residence of their choice;
...
3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures
...
3.9 The Government shall protect property rights and guarantee security of property and assets of the Government, groups, and individuals in South Sudan, irrespective of their political affiliations;

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures
...
3.1 Release all the political detainees and prisoners of war (POWs) and dismiss all the cases and charges on persons accused as a result of politically motivated factors;
3.2 Expedite the repeal of Sections 54, 55 and 57 of the National Security Act 2014 so as to conform with the provisions of the Constitution, R-ARCSS and the Tumaini Consensus before the commencement of the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;
3.3 Refrain from arbitrary arrests and unlawful detentions;
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.6 Protection of press freedoms and widening of civic and political space in the country, as shall be regulated by law;
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures
...
3.6 The Government shall take immediate and appropriate measures to fully guarantee, without exception, the freedom of expression of all persons in South Sudan, including freedom of the media, and equal access for all to the State Media;
Mobility/access: NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.2 Enhanced civilian protection and secured access to emergency humanitarian and other assistance particularly to vulnerable population including displaced persons, returnees and refugees;
...
2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support
THAT the Parties and Stakeholders reiterate their commitment to creating an enabling political, administrative, operational and legal environment for the delivery of humanitarian assistance and protection of vulnerable communities, humanitarian workers and individuals in South Sudan.
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
2.1 Commit to the facilitation and provision of humanitarian assistance to those in need of such assistance as a result of previous and current conflicts, natural disasters and other factors;
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
This roadmap comprises several elements:
...
Second the urgent need for enhanced civilian protection and support to humanitarian efforts.
...
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.2 Enhanced civilian protection and secured access to emergency humanitarian and other assistance particularly to vulnerable population including displaced persons, returnees and refugees;
Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of groups
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support
THAT the Parties and Stakeholders reiterate their commitment to creating an enabling political, administrative, operational and legal environment for the delivery of humanitarian assistance and protection of vulnerable communities, humanitarian workers and individuals in South Sudan.
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
2.3 Establish, continue and enhance Quick Impact Programs and service delivery targeting vulnerable groups affected by conflict and natural disasters including children, orphans, women, widows, persons with special needs, and war-wounded; and
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: Justice sector reform→Criminal justice and emergency law→Reform to specific laws
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures
...
3.2 Expedite the repeal of Sections 54, 55 and 57 of the National Security Act 2014 so as to conform with the provisions of the Constitution, R-ARCSS and the Tumaini Consensus before the commencement of the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
This roadmap comprises several elements:
...
Fifth implementing economic recovery programs and institutional reforms to manage public resources will be prioritized to realize the dividends of peace and development.
...
Ninth the Tumaini Initiative in coordination with the Parties, Stakeholders and development partners will convene a donor conference to mobilize technical and financial resources for peace building, post-conflict reconstruction of war affected areas from the region and the international community.
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
This roadmap comprises several elements:
...
Second the urgent need for enhanced civilian protection and support to humanitarian efforts.
...
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.2 Enhanced civilian protection and secured access to emergency humanitarian and other assistance particularly to vulnerable population including displaced persons, returnees and refugees;
...
2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support
THAT the Parties and Stakeholders reiterate their commitment to creating an enabling political, administrative, operational and legal environment for the delivery of humanitarian assistance and protection of vulnerable communities, humanitarian workers and individuals in South Sudan.
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
2.1 Commit to the facilitation and provision of humanitarian assistance to those in need of such assistance as a result of previous and current conflicts, natural disasters and other factors;
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstruction
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
2.4 Establish and allocate adequate resources to the Special Reconstruction Fund (SRF) and appoint a credible management for the Fund to ensure efficiency and effectiveness.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: This roadmap comprises several elements:
...
Ninth the Tumaini Initiative in coordination with the Parties, Stakeholders and development partners will convene a donor conference to mobilize technical and financial resources for peace building, post-conflict reconstruction of war affected areas from the region and the international community.
...
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
6. Guarantors
...
6.1 Internal Guarantors
...
6.1.11 The NIOC shall be funded by the Government, the Tumaini Initiative and Donors;
6.1.12 Funds received for the NIOC shall be deposited into the account of the NIOC and shall be jointly managed by the Head of the Secretariat, Representatives of the Tumaini Initiative and Donors/Partners, who shall be the signatories to the Account;
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: Socio-economic reconstruction→Banks→Personal or commercial banking
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
6. Guarantors
...
6.1 Internal Guarantors
...
6.1.11 The NIOC shall be funded by the Government, the Tumaini Initiative and Donors;
6.1.12 Funds received for the NIOC shall be deposited into the account of the NIOC and shall be jointly managed by the Head of the Secretariat, Representatives of the Tumaini Initiative and Donors/Partners, who shall be the signatories to the Account;

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Land reform and management
This roadmap comprises several elements:
...
Sixth implementing programs for resolving community conflicts and land related disputes to achieve sustainable peace, security and stability.
...
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms
...
5. Protocol on Communal Conflicts, Armed Civilians, and Land Disputes
...
5.3 Formulate policies, laws, and establish institutions for addressing root causes of conflict, communal violence, armed civilian groups, and land disputes, thereby contributing to overall peace and stability in South Sudan;
5.4 Enhance coordination and implementation of community dispute resolution mechanisms for addressing land issues, local conflicts, peacebuilding, reconciliation, social cohesion and integration whose functions and composition shall be determined by law;
Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Property return and restitution
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
2.2 Strengthen the safeguard measures to returnees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and their families, the reinstatement of their properties in accordance with their constitutional rights and applicable legislations, rules and regulations and full reintegration to their communities or residence of their choice;
Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Other land rights
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms
...
5. Protocol on Communal Conflicts, Armed Civilians, and Land Disputes
...
5.2 Conduct a comprehensive inquiry into land- and natural resources-related conflicts and climate change-induced disputes across South Sudan and make recommendations, including policy and legal actions required to address these disputes effectively;
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms
...
4.3.4 Taking measures including legislative reforms, to address inter-communal violence, child abduction, movement of cattle, cattle-raiding/ rustling in South Sudan.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms
...
5. Protocol on Communal Conflicts, Armed Civilians, and Land Disputes
...
5.2 Conduct a comprehensive inquiry into land- and natural resources-related conflicts and climate change-induced disputes across South Sudan and make recommendations, including policy and legal actions required to address these disputes effectively;
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: This roadmap comprises several elements:
...
Fourth fostering ceasefire, undertaking security arrangements and reforms.
...
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures
...
3.9 The Government shall protect property rights and guarantee security of property and assets of the Government, groups, and individuals in South Sudan, irrespective of their political affiliations;
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
4.1 Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC)
4.1.1 A Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC) shall be established to conduct reforms by overseeing, directing and supervising the security sector reform during the Transitional Period;
4.1.2 The SSROC shall be headed by a neutral and competent South Sudanese security/ military expert who shall be vetted by the National Leadership Council (NLC);
...
4.1.4.6 Ensure fair treatment of all the security forces including their remuneration during the training;
4.1.4.7 Receive progress reports from mechanisms tasked with security reform processes;
...
4.1.4.10 Direct and supervise the establishment of the Committees for Defense and Security which shall be Chaired by the respective heads of the Defense and Security Mechanisms in the JDSB;
...
4.2 Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB)
4.2.1 The Joint Defense Board (JDB) shall be renamed as the Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB) and shall be reconstituted at the level of Chiefs of Defense Forces/Staff, Inspector General of Police and Directors General of National Security Service and all other organized forces to exercise command and control over all forces during the Transitional Period.
...
4.2.2.3 Fast-track general and simultaneous disarmament across the country and destroy the arms collected from the civilians and ensure provision of the state security for all the people in South Sudan;
4.2.2.4 Take measures to strengthen the accountability and discipline in the Security Sector; and
...
4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms
4.3.1 Development and implementation of a transformational policy framework to govern the security sector institutions on matters including language, recruitment, retirement and oversight, reorganize and professionalize the security sector;
...
4.3.3 Taking measures to strengthen the accountability and discipline mechanisms in the Security Sector; and
4.3.4 Taking measures including legislative reforms, to address inter-communal violence, child abduction, movement of cattle, cattle-raiding/ rustling in South Sudan.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
THAT the Parties recommit to the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (COHA) (2017), and commit to a permanent ceasefire agreement that shall be agreed in the Tumaini Consensus.
The Parties commit to the reform and reorganization of the Security Sector in order to create unified professional national forces that include the Armed Opposition Groups.
THAT to achieve unification of forces, all the mechanisms below shall be reconstituted to ensure inclusion of the Armed Opposition Groups.
The defections of security elements or forces shall not be allowed during the Transitional Period and all Armed Forces shall remain under their respective command pending their unification.
The Officers from Tumaini Parties shall be included in the existing Unified Command.
4.1 Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC)
4.1.1 A Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC) shall be established to conduct reforms by overseeing, directing and supervising the security sector reform during the Transitional Period;
4.1.2 The SSROC shall be headed by a neutral and competent South Sudanese security/ military expert who shall be vetted by the National Leadership Council (NLC);
4.1.3 The SSROC shall be further composed of the following:
4.1.3.1 Representatives of the Parties and Stakeholders signatory to Tumaini Consensus and R-ARCSS
4.1.3.2 South Sudanese military and security experts
4.1.3.3 South Sudanese eminent personalities / academics
4.1.3.4 Regional and international experts
4.1.4 The Mandate of the SSROC shall be to:
4.1.4.1 Oversee the assembly and cantonment/barracking of all security forces, organization, screening, training, unification, deployment and provision of logistics in cantonment sites, barracks and movement of forces as per Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB) program, including among others;
4.1.4.2 Oversee the disarmament and ending of private militias through the JDSB and create political space that promotes peace, national unity, equal opportunity and democratic processes to address underlying issues that drive conflicts;
4.1.4.3 Oversee and ensure the deployment of Armed forces across the country and at the borders to maintain the territorial integrity of the Republic of South Sudan;
4.1.4.4 Oversee the simultaneous general disarmament, and destruction of the arms collected from civilians using the unified security forces across the country;
4.1.4.5 Oversee the assembly and cantonment/barracking of forces, organization, screening, training, unification and deployment of all Unified Forces shall be completed within a specified period from the date of signing of the Tumaini Consensus;
4.1.4.6 Ensure fair treatment of all the security forces including their remuneration during the training;
4.1.4.7 Receive progress reports from mechanisms tasked with security reform processes;
4.1.4.8 Report to the National Leadership Council (NLC);
4.1.4.9 Supervise and oversee the screening of unfit personnel by the JDSB, and coordinate with the DDR Commission on their demobilization and reintegration; and
4.1.4.10 Direct and supervise the establishment of the Committees for Defense and Security which shall be Chaired by the respective heads of the Defense and Security Mechanisms in the JDSB;
4.1.4.11 The Committees of the JDSB shall be as follows:
4.1.4.11.1 Defense/Military;
4.1.4.11.2 Police Service;
4.1.4.11.3 Prison Service;
4.1.4.11.4 Wildlife Service;
4.1.4.11.5 Civil Defense Service [Fire Brigade]; and
4.1.4.11.6 National Security Service.
4.1.5 There shall be established a force to be known as VIP Protection Units whose functions and duties shall be determined by law.
4.2 Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB)
4.2.1 The Joint Defense Board (JDB) shall be renamed as the Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB) and shall be reconstituted at the level of Chiefs of Defense Forces/Staff, Inspector General of Police and Directors General of National Security Service and all other organized forces to exercise command and control over all forces during the Transitional Period.
4.2.2 The functions of the JDSB shall be to:
4.2.2.1 Recommend to Commanders in Chief, the reconstitution of Joint Military Ceasefire Commission (JMCC) and Joint Transitional Security Committee (JTSC) to include representatives of the Armed Opposition Groups;
4.2.2.2 Restructure and unify the army and other organized forces in accordance with the provisions of R-ARCSS and the Tumaini Consensus;
4.2.2.3 Fast-track general and simultaneous disarmament across the country and destroy the arms collected from the civilians and ensure provision of the state security for all the people in South Sudan;
4.2.2.4 Take measures to strengthen the accountability and discipline in the Security Sector; and
4.2.2.5 Ensure deployment of Armed Forces across the Country, including at the Borders, to maintain territorial integrity of the Republic of South Sudan.
4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms
4.3.1 Development and implementation of a transformational policy framework to govern the security sector institutions on matters including language, recruitment, retirement and oversight, reorganize and professionalize the security sector;
4.3.2 Incorporation of a general amnesty for persons who rebelled against the Government into the final outcome of the Tumaini Initiative as an avenue for fostering peace and reconciliation;
4.3.3 Taking measures to strengthen the accountability and discipline mechanisms in the Security Sector; and
4.3.4 Taking measures including legislative reforms, to address inter-communal violence, child abduction, movement of cattle, cattle-raiding/ rustling in South Sudan.
Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
This roadmap comprises several elements:
...
Fourth fostering ceasefire, undertaking security arrangements and reforms.
...
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
1. General Principles
...
1.7 Strengthen commitment to sustaining cessation of hostilities and permanent ceasefire during the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus and beyond;
Police: NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
4.2 Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB)
4.2.1 The Joint Defense Board (JDB) shall be renamed as the Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB) and shall be reconstituted at the level of Chiefs of Defense Forces/Staff, Inspector General of Police and Directors General of National Security Service and all other organized forces to exercise command and control over all forces during the Transitional Period.
Armed forces: NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
The Parties commit to the reform and reorganization of the Security Sector in order to create unified professional national forces that include the Armed Opposition Groups.
THAT to achieve unification of forces, all the mechanisms below shall be reconstituted to ensure inclusion of the Armed Opposition Groups.
The defections of security elements or forces shall not be allowed during the Transitional Period and all Armed Forces shall remain under their respective command pending their unification.
The Officers from Tumaini Parties shall be included in the existing Unified Command.
4.1 Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC)
...
4.1.4.1 Oversee the assembly and cantonment/barracking of all security forces, organization, screening, training, unification, deployment and provision of logistics in cantonment sites, barracks and movement of forces as per Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB) program, including among others;
...
4.1.4.3 Oversee and ensure the deployment of Armed forces across the country and at the borders to maintain the territorial integrity of the Republic of South Sudan;
4.1.4.4 Oversee the simultaneous general disarmament, and destruction of the arms collected from civilians using the unified security forces across the country;
4.1.4.5 Oversee the assembly and cantonment/barracking of forces, organization, screening, training, unification and deployment of all Unified Forces shall be completed within a specified period from the date of signing of the Tumaini Consensus;
4.1.4.6 Ensure fair treatment of all the security forces including their remuneration during the training;
...
4.1.5 There shall be established a force to be known as VIP Protection Units whose functions and duties shall be determined by law.
4.2 Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB)
4.2.1 The Joint Defense Board (JDB) shall be renamed as the Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB) and shall be reconstituted at the level of Chiefs of Defense Forces/Staff, Inspector General of Police and Directors General of National Security Service and all other organized forces to exercise command and control over all forces during the Transitional Period.
...
4.2.2.2 Restructure and unify the army and other organized forces in accordance with the provisions of R-ARCSS and the Tumaini Consensus;
...
4.2.2.5 Ensure deployment of Armed Forces across the Country, including at the Borders, to maintain territorial integrity of the Republic of South Sudan.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms
...
5. Protocol on Communal Conflicts, Armed Civilians, and Land Disputes
...
5.3 Formulate policies, laws, and establish institutions for addressing root causes of conflict, communal violence, armed civilian groups, and land disputes, thereby contributing to overall peace and stability in South Sudan;
Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
4.1 Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC)
...
4.1.4.1 Oversee the assembly and cantonment/barracking of all security forces, organization, screening, training, unification, deployment and provision of logistics in cantonment sites, barracks and movement of forces as per Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB) program, including among others;
4.1.4.2 Oversee the disarmament and ending of private militias through the JDSB and create political space that promotes peace, national unity, equal opportunity and democratic processes to address underlying issues that drive conflicts;
...
4.1.4.4 Oversee the simultaneous general disarmament, and destruction of the arms collected from civilians using the unified security forces across the country;
...
4.1.4.9 Supervise and oversee the screening of unfit personnel by the JDSB, and coordinate with the DDR Commission on their demobilization and reintegration; and
...
4.2 Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB)
...
4.2.2.3 Fast-track general and simultaneous disarmament across the country and destroy the arms collected from the civilians and ensure provision of the state security for all the people in South Sudan;
...
4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms
...
5. Protocol on Communal Conflicts, Armed Civilians, and Land Disputes
...
5.10 Facilitate nationwide consultations on the management of small arms and light weapons in the hands of civilians, in order to disarm them in accordance with the law and human rights principles; and
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: This roadmap comprises several elements:
...
The Parties and Stakeholders recognize that the integration of the various armed groups is key to addressing political instability.
...
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
The Parties commit to the reform and reorganization of the Security Sector in order to create unified professional national forces that include the Armed Opposition Groups.
THAT to achieve unification of forces, all the mechanisms below shall be reconstituted to ensure inclusion of the Armed Opposition Groups.
The defections of security elements or forces shall not be allowed during the Transitional Period and all Armed Forces shall remain under their respective command pending their unification.
The Officers from Tumaini Parties shall be included in the existing Unified Command.
4.1 Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC)
...
4.1.4.1 Oversee the assembly and cantonment/barracking of all security forces, organization, screening, training, unification, deployment and provision of logistics in cantonment sites, barracks and movement of forces as per Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB) program, including among others;
4.1.4.2 Oversee the disarmament and ending of private militias through the JDSB and create political space that promotes peace, national unity, equal opportunity and democratic processes to address underlying issues that drive conflicts;
...
4.1.4.6 Ensure fair treatment of all the security forces including their remuneration during the training;
...
4.2 Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB)
...
4.2.2.1 Recommend to Commanders in Chief, the reconstitution of Joint Military Ceasefire Commission (JMCC) and Joint Transitional Security Committee (JTSC) to include representatives of the Armed Opposition Groups;
4.2.2.2 Restructure and unify the army and other organized forces in accordance with the provisions of R-ARCSS and the Tumaini Consensus;
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: Transitional justice→Amnesty/pardon→Amnesty/pardon proper
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms
...
4.3.2 Incorporation of a general amnesty for persons who rebelled against the Government into the final outcome of the Tumaini Initiative as an avenue for fostering peace and reconciliation;
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures
...
3.1 Release all the political detainees and prisoners of war (POWs) and dismiss all the cases and charges on persons accused as a result of politically motivated factors;
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support
...
The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:
...
2.3 Establish, continue and enhance Quick Impact Programs and service delivery targeting vulnerable groups affected by conflict and natural disasters including children, orphans, women, widows, persons with special needs, and war-wounded; and
...
4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms
...
4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms
...
4.3.4 Taking measures including legislative reforms, to address inter-communal violence, child abduction, movement of cattle, cattle-raiding/ rustling in South Sudan.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: This roadmap comprises several elements:
...
Seventh national healing, truth, and reconciliation programs to be undertaken throughout the country to heal the wounds inflicted by the conflicts among our people in order to restore the broken social fabric.
...
NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms
...
5. Protocol on Communal Conflicts, Armed Civilians, and Land Disputes
...
5.4 Enhance coordination and implementation of community dispute resolution mechanisms for addressing land issues, local conflicts, peacebuilding, reconciliation, social cohesion and integration whose functions and composition shall be determined by law;
...
5.9 Formulate and implement strategies, plans, educational and training programs to create public awareness and support on the importance of social cohesion, integration, peacebuilding and reconciliation;

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: 6. Guarantors
...
6.2 External Guarantors / Observers
...
List of People to Initial the Tumaini Consensus Protocols – 15 July 2024
...
Amb. Ismail Waiss / IGAD Special Envoy to South Sudan, Co-mediator
Paolo Impagliazzo / Community of Sant’ Egidio, Co-mediator
Dr. A. Korir SingOei / GOK, State Department of Foreign Affairs, Principal Secretary
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:
...
6. Guarantors
...
6.1 Internal Guarantors
6.1.1 The Parties and Stakeholders shall establish the National Leadership Council (NLC) that shall be the national / internal guarantor of implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;
6.1.2 The main roles and responsibilities of the NLC shall be to:
6.1.2.1 Provide political stewardship and oversight in the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;
6.1.2.2 Provide strategic leadership and guidance to the Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission, the Governance Oversight Commission, and other public agencies whose mandate is relevant to the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;
6.1.2.3 Preside over and resolve disputes and conflicts in matters related to the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;
6.1.2.4 Receive reports from all mechanisms established under the R-ARCSS as amended and the Tumaini Consensus; and
6.1.2.5 Coordinate with Tumaini Initiative on implementation of the key elements of this framework and on meeting of the deadlines of scheduled actions.
6.1.3 The NLC shall have a Chairperson, in the absence of whom, the Deputy Chairperson shall act;
6.1.4 The NLC shall hold regular meetings to deliberate and make decisions, including seeking political consensus, regarding the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;
6.1.5 The NLC, in coordination with Tumaini Initiative, shall establish measures and systems to carefully track the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;
6.1.6 Decision-making in the NLC shall be by consensus and, in lieu of that, by two thirds (2/3rd) majority;
6.1.7 The decisions of the NLC shall be final and not subject to approval by the Cabinet or Legislature;
6.1.8 The NLC shall establish a National Implementation and Oversight Committee (NIOC) composed of members seconded by each party represented at the NLC, nominees of Civil Society Organisations, Faith-Based groups, other Stakeholders, Donors and Partners, and whose mandate shall be to:
6.1.8.1 Act as secretariat of the NLC and, in coordination with Tumaini Initiative, provide technical and administrative support to the NLC to enable the Council to carry-out its functions and duties;
6.1.8.2 Manage the day-to-day coordination of activities in the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus; and
6.1.8.3 Establish a system to track the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus in coordination with Tumaini Initiative.
6.1.9 The NIOC shall have a Head of the Secretariat and a Deputy, whom shall be appointed by the NLC;
6.1.10 The NIOC shall establish its structures and transparently and competitively recruit staff to carry out its day to day activities;
6.1.11 The NIOC shall be funded by the Government, the Tumaini Initiative and Donors;
6.1.12 Funds received for the NIOC shall be deposited into the account of the NIOC and shall be jointly managed by the Head of the Secretariat, Representatives of the Tumaini Initiative and Donors/Partners, who shall be the signatories to the Account;
6.1.13 All public institutions and agencies of Government, civil society and faith-based organisations, and other stakeholders shall provide the necessary assistance and facilitation required to ensure that the NIOC performs its functions and duties; and
6.1.14 The NIOC shall provide monthly reports to the NLC, the TNLA and the Tumaini Initiative on the progress in the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus.
6.2 External Guarantors / Observers
THAT the Parties and Stakeholders agree to the formation of the High-Level Panel of Heads of State and Government which shall be composed of Heads of State and Government from the region, and Partners and Friends of South Sudan, whose core roles and responsibilities shall be:
6.2.1 To steward, monitor and oversee the implementation of all measures, processes, and activities specified in the Tumaini Consensus, in liaison with the National Leadership Council;
6.2.2 To receive and consider reports regarding implementation of the Tumaini Consensus from the Tumaini Initiative;
6.2.3 To organize, in coordination with the Tumaini Initiative, high-level visits to South Sudan to assess the progress of the implementation of this and other related protocols from the Tumaini Consensus;
6.2.4 To review briefs and reports and to engage with the East African Community (EAC), Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD), African Union (AU), Troika, European Union (EU), United Nations (UN), Community of Sant’Egidio, and Friends of South Sudan, as well as other regional and international bodies and partners on the process of implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;
6.2.5 To advise and recommend actions to be taken for the proper and timely implementation of the Tumaini Consensus; and
6.2.6 To convene Quarterly meetings, or on a need basis, between the Tumaini Initiative and the National Leadership Council to appraise the progress of implementation of the Tumaini Consensus.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: No specific mention.

HIGH LEVEL MEDIATION "TUMAINI INITIATIVE" FOR SOUTH SUDAN

Tumaini Initiative

TUMAINI CONSENSUS FOR SUSTAINABLE PEACE IN SOUTH SUDAN

PROTOCOLS FOR INITIALING

Nairobi, 15 July 2024

Preamble

WHEREAS H.E General Salva Kiir Mayardit, the President of the Republic of South Sudan requested his brother, H.E Dr. William Samoei Ruta, President of the Republic of Kenya to mediate between the Government and South Sudan Opposition Groups;

WHEREAS the Government of the Republic of Kenya accepted to facilitate the mediation of the conflict in the Republic of South Sudan through the High-Level Mediation "Tumaini Initiative" for South Sudan that took place in Nairobi, Kenya;

AWARE that the Tumaini Consensus resolves the conflict between the Revitalized-Transitional Government of National Unity (R TGONU), South Sudan Opposition Movements Alliance (SSOMA) and other opposition groups, to achieve inclusive peace in the Republic of South Sudan, and that the ongoing, pending programs in Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (R-ARCSS), and newly established programs in the Tumaini Consensus, shall provide the framework for peacebuilding and democratization in South Sudan;

RECALLING and RECOGNISING previous and current agreements, consensus and understandings to cease violence, pursue peaceful resolutions of conflicts, and the commitments to build a stable, peaceful, united and prosperous South Sudan;

MINDFUL of the devastation, distraction and disruption of lives and livelihoods, loss of lives and property, and other damages that have occurred as a result of past and current conflicts and the continued suffering of communities, families and individuals that still suffer the effects of the conflicts and natural calamities;

ACKNOWLEDGING the efforts, commitments, and progress made by the leadership, partners, friend and the people of South Sudan to achieve peace, build a better country and secure a future for the coming generations;

CONSCIOUS that much still remains to be done in order to heal the wounds of the past, ensure reconciliation, consolidate peace, restore stability, and put in place developmental programs, and strengthen systems of governance to ensure advancement and growth;

CONVINCED that consolidation of peace and effective pursuit of growth and advancement of South Sudan is only possible where the diversity of the people in and outside South Sudan, are recognized and brought together in an all-inclusive process of nation-building;

PERSUADED that the envisaged reforms, democratic transition, and changes towards a better South Sudan shall be achieved through a comprehensive and all-inclusive Tumaini Consensus and R-ARCSS;

MINDFUL of the importance of confidence and trust-building measures, implementation modalities, and other steps for guaranteeing commitment and realization of peace;

RECOGNIZING the importance of gender parity and empowerment in all spaces and committed to promote intergenerational considerations, the Parties commit to ensure representation of youth, persons with special needs, and at least 35% of women across public institutions;

FURTHER COMMITTED to the Tumaini Initiative, resolution of the conflict, and the consolidation of durable peace in South Sudan;

and

COGNIZANT that Federal system is a popular demand of the people of South Sudan and the constitution shall be drafted based on Federal arrangements and structures.

Statement of Purpose

The Tumaini (Hope) Initiative acknowledges that the protracted political conflicts in South Sudan have compromised the wellbeing of the citizens of South Sudan.

The future of current and coming generations is bleak if efforts to achieve and protect sustainable peace fail.

Recognizing that past agreements to end conflicts and sustain peace have not registered adequate success, the Tumaini Initiative now presents an opportunity to build consensus among the Parties and Stakeholders.

The aim of this consensus is to attain sustainable peace and democracy by implementing agreed interim programs.

The roadmap to sustainable peace in the Republic of South Sudan comprises, inter alia, a Permanent Constitution making process with self-executing mechanisms, which addresses root causes of conflicts, and will provide the means for inclusive development and provision of services to all citizens in all corners of South Sudan.

This roadmap comprises several elements:

First Trust and Confidence Building measures are required among all Parties and Stakeholders.

Some undertakings from previous agreements were not completed because not everyone kept the promise.

This Framework presents strong mechanisms for building trust and confidence so as to implement agreed programs and collectively make a Permanent Constitution for South Sudan and secure sustainable peace.

Second the urgent need for enhanced civilian protection and support to humanitarian efforts.

There are many citizens in need of relief assistance because of floods, droughts, and displacement by violent conflicts.

All Parties and Stakeholders have a moral obligation and duty to mobilize resources to address the humanitarian crises and natural calamities.

Third the need for establishing an inclusive government and firming the basis for responsibility sharing.

Politics of inclusion and sharing responsibilities hold the key to peace building and good governance.

Fourth fostering ceasefire, undertaking security arrangements and reforms.

The Parties and Stakeholders recognize that the integration of the various armed groups is key to addressing political instability.

Fifth implementing economic recovery programs and institutional reforms to manage public resources will be prioritized to realize the dividends of peace and development.

Sixth implementing programs for resolving community conflicts and land related disputes to achieve sustainable peace, security and stability.

Seventh national healing, truth, and reconciliation programs to be undertaken throughout the country to heal the wounds inflicted by the conflicts among our people in order to restore the broken social fabric.

Eighth the Permanent Constitution Making Process as part of this consensus will consider past and present challenges, provide a strong and inclusive foundation for stability, wellbeing of citizens, sustainable development and build a society founded on democratic values, rights and freedoms.

Ninth the Tumaini Initiative in coordination with the Parties, Stakeholders and development partners will convene a donor conference to mobilize technical and financial resources for peace building, post-conflict reconstruction of war affected areas from the region and the international community.

The Tumaini Initiative shall guarantee PERMANENT PEACE, STABILITY, and SHARED PROSPERITY.

NOW THEREFORE, we the negotiating Parties and Stakeholders of the Tumaini Initiative convened in Nairobi, Kenya, resolve as follows:

1. General Principles

THAT the Parties and Stakeholders agree and commit to the following general principles that shall guide the interpretation and implementation of the commitments under the Tumaini Consensus:

1.1 Respect for the sovereignty of the Republic of South Sudan and its people demonstrated through a people-centered and inclusive Permanent Constitution Making Process;

1.2 Enhanced civilian protection and secured access to emergency humanitarian and other assistance particularly to vulnerable population including displaced persons, returnees and refugees;

1.3 Commitment to a genuine national healing and reconciliation and the building of enduring trust and confidence in South Sudanese society founded on the principles of justice, equality, human dignity, and the advancement of societal welfare;

1.4 Strict adherence to constitutional guarantees for equitable representation of all South Sudanese in public institutions and particularly to achieve representation of youth, persons with special needs, and at least 35% of women across, public institutions;

1.5 Protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, such as freedom of expression, association, assembly and movement for the people of South Sudan, as shall be regulated by law;

1.6 Protection of press freedoms and widening of civic and political space in the country, as shall be regulated by law;

1.7 Strengthen commitment to sustaining cessation of hostilities and permanent ceasefire during the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus and beyond;

1.8 Mutual commitment to the Tumaini Consensus, its principles, and structures, including agreement on its guarantors and measures to assure implementation, processes, and timelines;

1.9 Mutual respect and tolerance, respect for opinions, transparency, respect for the rule of law, accountability, the unfettered access to relevant information and commitment to building of consensus;

1.10 Enhance the decentralized system of government during the transitional period and expedite the process of constitution-making to realize the popular demand of the people of South Sudan to establish a federal system of government; and

1.11 Parliament shall enact enabling laws and amend existing laws to be in conformity with the Tumaini Consensus and Transitional Constitution of South Sudan 2011 (as amended).

2. Protocol on Humanitarian Access and Support

THAT the Parties and Stakeholders reiterate their commitment to creating an enabling political, administrative, operational and legal environment for the delivery of humanitarian assistance and protection of vulnerable communities, humanitarian workers and individuals in South Sudan.

The Parties and Stakeholders agree as follows to:

2.1 Commit to the facilitation and provision of humanitarian assistance to those in need of such assistance as a result of previous and current conflicts, natural disasters and other factors;

2.2 Strengthen the safeguard measures to returnees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and their families, the reinstatement of their properties in accordance with their constitutional rights and applicable legislations, rules and regulations and full reintegration to their communities or residence of their choice;

2.3 Establish, continue and enhance Quick Impact Programs and service delivery targeting vulnerable groups affected by conflict and natural disasters including children, orphans, women, widows, persons with special needs, and war-wounded; and

2.4 Establish and allocate adequate resources to the Special Reconstruction Fund (SRF) and appoint a credible management for the Fund to ensure efficiency and effectiveness.

3. Protocol on Trust and Confidence-Building Measures

THAT the Parties and Stakeholders, as a gesture of their commitment to the Tumaini Initiative, create a conducive atmosphere for the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus and R-ARCSS that will lead to the adoption of a Permanent Constitution for the Republic of South Sudan, agree to the immediate implementation of the following measures after the signing of the Tumaini Consensus:

3.1 Release all the political detainees and prisoners of war (POWs) and dismiss all the cases and charges on persons accused as a result of politically motivated factors;

3.2 Expedite the repeal of Sections 54, 55 and 57 of the National Security Act 2014 so as to conform with the provisions of the Constitution, R-ARCSS and the Tumaini Consensus before the commencement of the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;

3.3 Refrain from arbitrary arrests and unlawful detentions;

3.4 The Government shall take immediate and appropriate measures to fully guarantee the freedom of movement of political leaders, in and outside South Sudan;

3.5 The Government shall take immediate and appropriate measures to fully guarantee, without exception, the freedom of association and assembly of all persons in South Sudan, in conformity with the Constitution and the law;

3.6 The Government shall take immediate and appropriate measures to fully guarantee, without exception, the freedom of expression of all persons in South Sudan, including freedom of the media, and equal access for all to the State Media;

3.7 The Parties and Stakeholders or their representatives in the Tumaini Initiative, shall make a confidence-building visit to Juba, South Sudan to hold joint public forums, to publicize, and to commit to the Tumaini Initiative;

3.8 The Government leadership or their representatives, shall make a confidence-building visit to Nairobi, Kenya to support and commit to the Tumaini Initiative;

3.9 The Government shall protect property rights and guarantee security of property and assets of the Government, groups, and individuals in South Sudan, irrespective of their political affiliations;

3.10 The Tumaini Initiative to convene a National Leadership retreat inside South Sudan after the signing of the Tumaini Consensus for sensitization and confidence building; and

3.11 National Prayers for peace shall be organized and held by the religious leaders after the signing of the Tumaini Consensus in Juba, the States and the Administrative Areas.

4. Protocol on Permanent Ceasefire, Security Arrangements and Reforms

THAT the Parties recommit to the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (COHA) (2017), and commit to a permanent ceasefire agreement that shall be agreed in the Tumaini Consensus.

The Parties commit to the reform and reorganization of the Security Sector in order to create unified professional national forces that include the Armed Opposition Groups.

THAT to achieve unification of forces, all the mechanisms below shall be reconstituted to ensure inclusion of the Armed Opposition Groups.

The defections of security elements or forces shall not be allowed during the Transitional Period and all Armed Forces shall remain under their respective command pending their unification.

The Officers from Tumaini Parties shall be included in the existing Unified Command.

4.1 Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC)

4.1.1 A Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission (SSROC) shall be established to conduct reforms by overseeing, directing and supervising the security sector reform during the Transitional Period;

4.1.2 The SSROC shall be headed by a neutral and competent South Sudanese security/ military expert who shall be vetted by the National Leadership Council (NLC);

4.1.3 The SSROC shall be further composed of the following:

4.1.3.1 Representatives of the Parties and Stakeholders signatory to Tumaini Consensus and R-ARCSS

4.1.3.2 South Sudanese military and security experts

4.1.3.3 South Sudanese eminent personalities / academics

4.1.3.4 Regional and international experts

4.1.4 The Mandate of the SSROC shall be to:

4.1.4.1 Oversee the assembly and cantonment/barracking of all security forces, organization, screening, training, unification, deployment and provision of logistics in cantonment sites, barracks and movement of forces as per Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB) program, including among others;

4.1.4.2 Oversee the disarmament and ending of private militias through the JDSB and create political space that promotes peace, national unity, equal opportunity and democratic processes to address underlying issues that drive conflicts;

4.1.4.3 Oversee and ensure the deployment of Armed forces across the country and at the borders to maintain the territorial integrity of the Republic of South Sudan;

4.1.4.4 Oversee the simultaneous general disarmament, and destruction of the arms collected from civilians using the unified security forces across the country;

4.1.4.5 Oversee the assembly and cantonment/barracking of forces, organization, screening, training, unification and deployment of all Unified Forces shall be completed within a specified period from the date of signing of the Tumaini Consensus;

4.1.4.6 Ensure fair treatment of all the security forces including their remuneration during the training;

4.1.4.7 Receive progress reports from mechanisms tasked with security reform processes;

4.1.4.8 Report to the National Leadership Council (NLC);

4.1.4.9 Supervise and oversee the screening of unfit personnel by the JDSB, and coordinate with the DDR Commission on their demobilization and reintegration; and

4.1.4.10 Direct and supervise the establishment of the Committees for Defense and Security which shall be Chaired by the respective heads of the Defense and Security Mechanisms in the JDSB;

4.1.4.11 The Committees of the JDSB shall be as follows:

4.1.4.11.1 Defense/Military;

4.1.4.11.2 Police Service;

4.1.4.11.3 Prison Service;

4.1.4.11.4 Wildlife Service;

4.1.4.11.5 Civil Defense Service [Fire Brigade]; and

4.1.4.11.6 National Security Service.

4.1.5 There shall be established a force to be known as VIP Protection Units whose functions and duties shall be determined by law.

4.2 Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB)

4.2.1 The Joint Defense Board (JDB) shall be renamed as the Joint Defense and Security Board (JDSB) and shall be reconstituted at the level of Chiefs of Defense Forces/Staff, Inspector General of Police and Directors General of National Security Service and all other organized forces to exercise command and control over all forces during the Transitional Period.

4.2.2 The functions of the JDSB shall be to:

4.2.2.1 Recommend to Commanders in Chief, the reconstitution of Joint Military Ceasefire Commission (JMCC) and Joint Transitional Security Committee (JTSC) to include representatives of the Armed Opposition Groups;

4.2.2.2 Restructure and unify the army and other organized forces in accordance with the provisions of R-ARCSS and the Tumaini Consensus;

4.2.2.3 Fast-track general and simultaneous disarmament across the country and destroy the arms collected from the civilians and ensure provision of the state security for all the people in South Sudan;

4.2.2.4 Take measures to strengthen the accountability and discipline in the Security Sector; and

4.2.2.5 Ensure deployment of Armed Forces across the Country, including at the Borders, to maintain territorial integrity of the Republic of South Sudan.

4.3 Further Commitments by Parties and Stakeholders on Security Sector Reforms

4.3.1 Development and implementation of a transformational policy framework to govern the security sector institutions on matters including language, recruitment, retirement and oversight, reorganize and professionalize the security sector;

4.3.2 Incorporation of a general amnesty for persons who rebelled against the Government into the final outcome of the Tumaini Initiative as an avenue for fostering peace and reconciliation;

4.3.3 Taking measures to strengthen the accountability and discipline mechanisms in the Security Sector; and

4.3.4 Taking measures including legislative reforms, to address inter-communal violence, child abduction, movement of cattle, cattle-raiding/ rustling in South Sudan.

5. Protocol on Communal Conflicts, Armed Civilians, and Land Disputes

THAT the Parties and Stakeholders recognize the importance of advancing sustainable peace, security and stability at local levels, acknowledge the intricate connection between national and local conflicts and insecurity, particularly the prevalence of cattle rustling, child abduction, revenge killings, land-related disputes, climate change-induced conflicts and inter-communal violence, and the prevailing inadequate justice and accountability mechanisms.

The Parties and the Stakeholders agree that the Government, through public participation, shall:

5.1 Identify the root causes of communal conflicts and violence and land disputes and provide solutions so as to contribute to overall peace and stability in South Sudan;

5.2 Conduct a comprehensive inquiry into land- and natural resources-related conflicts and climate change-induced disputes across South Sudan and make recommendations, including policy and legal actions required to address these disputes effectively;

5.3 Formulate policies, laws, and establish institutions for addressing root causes of conflict, communal violence, armed civilian groups, and land disputes, thereby contributing to overall peace and stability in South Sudan;

5.4 Enhance coordination and implementation of community dispute resolution mechanisms for addressing land issues, local conflicts, peacebuilding, reconciliation, social cohesion and integration whose functions and composition shall be determined by law;

5.5 Undertake research and analysis on social cohesion, values, peacebuilding and conflict management, and make recommendations to the relevant Government agencies;

5.6 Foster partnerships with the relevant state actors, non-state actors, bi-lateral and multi-lateral agencies on peacebuilding and conflict management;

5.7 Establish early warning and response systems for conflicts and put in place an emergency preparedness and response systems to curb imminent conflicts;

5.8 Promote peaceful co-existence, tolerance, respect and acceptance of diversity in all aspects of life, and encourage appreciation by all ethnic and religious communities for the social, economic, cultural, spiritual and political life of all communities;

5.9 Formulate and implement strategies, plans, educational and training programs to create public awareness and support on the importance of social cohesion, integration, peacebuilding and reconciliation;

5.10 Facilitate nationwide consultations on the management of small arms and light weapons in the hands of civilians, in order to disarm them in accordance with the law and human rights principles; and

5.11 Establish a mechanism for the operationalization of this protocol.

6. Guarantors

THAT the Parties and Stakeholders shall establish internal and external processes and structures that will have a permanent and consistent role in guaranteeing and taking lead responsibility in the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus as provided.

The Parties and Stakeholders have resolved to commit to the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus with both internal and external guarantors as detailed below:

6.1 Internal Guarantors

6.1.1 The Parties and Stakeholders shall establish the National Leadership Council (NLC) that shall be the national / internal guarantor of implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;

6.1.2 The main roles and responsibilities of the NLC shall be to:

6.1.2.1 Provide political stewardship and oversight in the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;

6.1.2.2 Provide strategic leadership and guidance to the Security Sector Reform / Oversight Commission, the Governance Oversight Commission, and other public agencies whose mandate is relevant to the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;

6.1.2.3 Preside over and resolve disputes and conflicts in matters related to the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;

6.1.2.4 Receive reports from all mechanisms established under the R-ARCSS as amended and the Tumaini Consensus; and

6.1.2.5 Coordinate with Tumaini Initiative on implementation of the key elements of this framework and on meeting of the deadlines of scheduled actions.

6.1.3 The NLC shall have a Chairperson, in the absence of whom, the Deputy Chairperson shall act;

6.1.4 The NLC shall hold regular meetings to deliberate and make decisions, including seeking political consensus, regarding the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;

6.1.5 The NLC, in coordination with Tumaini Initiative, shall establish measures and systems to carefully track the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;

6.1.6 Decision-making in the NLC shall be by consensus and, in lieu of that, by two thirds (2/3rd) majority;

6.1.7 The decisions of the NLC shall be final and not subject to approval by the Cabinet or Legislature;

6.1.8 The NLC shall establish a National Implementation and Oversight Committee (NIOC) composed of members seconded by each party represented at the NLC, nominees of Civil Society Organisations, Faith-Based groups, other Stakeholders, Donors and Partners, and whose mandate shall be to:

6.1.8.1 Act as secretariat of the NLC and, in coordination with Tumaini Initiative, provide technical and administrative support to the NLC to enable the Council to carry-out its functions and duties;

6.1.8.2 Manage the day-to-day coordination of activities in the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus; and

6.1.8.3 Establish a system to track the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus in coordination with Tumaini Initiative.

6.1.9 The NIOC shall have a Head of the Secretariat and a Deputy, whom shall be appointed by the NLC;

6.1.10 The NIOC shall establish its structures and transparently and competitively recruit staff to carry out its day to day activities;

6.1.11 The NIOC shall be funded by the Government, the Tumaini Initiative and Donors;

6.1.12 Funds received for the NIOC shall be deposited into the account of the NIOC and shall be jointly managed by the Head of the Secretariat, Representatives of the Tumaini Initiative and Donors/Partners, who shall be the signatories to the Account;

6.1.13 All public institutions and agencies of Government, civil society and faith-based organisations, and other stakeholders shall provide the necessary assistance and facilitation required to ensure that the NIOC performs its functions and duties; and

6.1.14 The NIOC shall provide monthly reports to the NLC, the TNLA and the Tumaini Initiative on the progress in the implementation of the Tumaini Consensus.

6.2 External Guarantors / Observers

THAT the Parties and Stakeholders agree to the formation of the High-Level Panel of Heads of State and Government which shall be composed of Heads of State and Government from the region, and Partners and Friends of South Sudan, whose core roles and responsibilities shall be:

6.2.1 To steward, monitor and oversee the implementation of all measures, processes, and activities specified in the Tumaini Consensus, in liaison with the National Leadership Council;

6.2.2 To receive and consider reports regarding implementation of the Tumaini Consensus from the Tumaini Initiative;

6.2.3 To organize, in coordination with the Tumaini Initiative, high-level visits to South Sudan to assess the progress of the implementation of this and other related protocols from the Tumaini Consensus;

6.2.4 To review briefs and reports and to engage with the East African Community (EAC), Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD), African Union (AU), Troika, European Union (EU), United Nations (UN), Community of Sant’Egidio, and Friends of South Sudan, as well as other regional and international bodies and partners on the process of implementation of the Tumaini Consensus;

6.2.5 To advise and recommend actions to be taken for the proper and timely implementation of the Tumaini Consensus; and

6.2.6 To convene Quarterly meetings, or on a need basis, between the Tumaini Initiative and the National Leadership Council to appraise the progress of implementation of the Tumaini Consensus.

List of People to Initial the Tumaini Consensus Protocols – 15 July 2024

Name / Representative Organization

Hon. Amb.

Albino Mathom Ayuel Aboug / Revitalized-Transitional Government of National Unity, Head of Delegation

Gen. Pa’gan Amum Okiech / South Sudan Opposition Movements Alliance (SSOMA), Chairman, Real-SPLM

Gen. Paul Malong Awan / South Sudan Opposition Movements Alliance (SSOMA), Chairman and C-in-C, South Sudan United Front/Army

Gen. Stephen Buoy Rolnyang / South Sudan United National Alliance (SSUNA), Chairman and C-in-C, South Sudan People’s Movement / Army

Gen. Mario Loku Thomas Jada / National Salvation Front - Revolutionary Command Council, Chairman and C-in-C

Dr Pauline Riak / Academia

Patrick Godi / Youth

Bridget Nagomoro / Women

Geoffrey Lou Duke / Civil Society

Bishop Moses Deng / Faith Based

Shiekh Jaralnebi Khamis / Faith Based

Gov. Kuel Aguer Kuel / People’s Coalition for Civil Action

Lt. Gen. Lazaro Sumbeiywo (Rtd) / Chief Mediator

Amb. Dr. Mohamed Ali Guyo / Deputy Chief Mediator

Amb. Ismail Waiss / IGAD Special Envoy to South Sudan, Co-mediator

Paolo Impagliazzo / Community of Sant’ Egidio, Co-mediator

Dr. A. Korir SingOei / GOK, State Department of Foreign Affairs, Principal Secretary