Protocolo X - Comunicaciones e Información Pública de la Mesa de Diálogos de Paz entre el Gobierno de la República de Colombia y el Estado Mayor Central de las FARC-EP

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Protocolo X - Comunicaciones e Información Pública de la Mesa de Diálogos de Paz entre el Gobierno de la República de Colombia y el Estado Mayor Central de las FARC-EP
Date: 10 Mar 2024
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Colombia VII - Petro Peace Dialogues with FARC-EP
Parties: Government of Colombia:

Camilo González Posso - Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
Gloria Quinceno Acevedo - Councillor Commissioner for Peace, National Government
Fabio Valencia Cossio - Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
Feliciano Valencia Medina - Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
Luz Dari Landázuri Segura - Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
Carlos Murgas Dávila - Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
Genny Calvo Olmos - Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
Yesid Arteta Dávila - Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
Oscar Gerardo Salazar Muñoz - Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
Luis Alfonso Novoa Díaz - Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
Pedro Arenas - Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table

FARC-EP:

Leopoldo Durán García - Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Calarcá Córdoba - Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Willy Romero - Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Andrey Avendaño - Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
José Tomás Ojeda - Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Javier 33 - Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Fernanda Briceño - Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Robinson Caicedo Ríos - Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Sebastián Martínez - Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Cipriano Cortés - Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Third parties: Guarantors:

Armando Franchi - Embassy of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Louise Wilson - Embassy of Ireland
Phillip Lustenberger - Swiss Confederation
Dag Nagoda - Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway

Accompanying Persons:

Raúl Rosende - United Nations
Edelma Gómez - Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA)
Padre Eliecer Soto Ardila - Episcopal Conference of Colombia
Humberto Martín Shikiya - World Council of Churches
Description: This protocol establishes rules for public communications and information sharing related to the peace dialogue process. It emphasizes the need for clear, respectful, and non-stigmatizing language, requires joint approval of public statements, and establishes bipartite spokespersons. The protocol includes special consideration for communicating with ethnic, Afro-Colombian and peasant communities through appropriate cultural approaches.

Agreement document: CO_240310_Protocolo_X_Comunicaciones_EN (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_240310_Protocolo X Comunicaciones (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
9. The communication and public information of agreements, protocols and other documents produced by the MDP will have a pedagogical purpose, using for this purpose, different channels of dissemination and placing special emphasis on the territorial with differential , ethnic and peasant and intersectional approaches.
10. The communication strategy should include forms of communication in accordance and in articulation with indigenous, afro and peasant cultures, according to their differential approaches.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: Groups→Indigenous people→Rhetorical
10. The communication strategy should include forms of communication in accordance and in articulation with indigenous, afro and peasant cultures, according to their differential approaches.
Other groups: Groups→Other groups→Rhetorical
9. The communication and public information of agreements, protocols and other documents produced by the MDP will have a pedagogical purpose, using for this purpose, different channels of dissemination and placing special emphasis on the territorial with differential , ethnic and peasant and intersectional approaches.
10. The communication strategy should include forms of communication in accordance and in articulation with indigenous, afro and peasant cultures, according to their differential approaches.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: 7. The organisation of press conferences, the agenda, and the minute-by-minute schedule of public events in which both male and female delegates and representatives of the parties to the MDP participate will be defined in a concerted manner.
8. Both male and female delegates, representatives, spokespersons and other attendees at plenaries of the MDP should maintain strict confidentiality about internal discussions that compromise the negotiations.
11. The MDP, upon agreement between the parties, will facilitate meetings with both male and female journalists from the media and other content generation platforms to strengthen the information, public communication and pedagogical processes.
Men and boys: Gender→Men and boys→Gender neutral wording
7. The organisation of press conferences, the agenda, and the minute-by-minute schedule of public events in which both male and female delegates and representatives of the parties to the MDP participate will be defined in a concerted manner.
8. Both male and female delegates, representatives, spokespersons and other attendees at plenaries of the MDP should maintain strict confidentiality about internal discussions that compromise the negotiations.
11. The MDP, upon agreement between the parties, will facilitate meetings with both male and female journalists from the media and other content generation platforms to strengthen the information, public communication and pedagogical processes.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Including, in particular, local media, alternative and community channels.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Thought, opinion, conscience and religion
14. The parties undertake to promote, and to respect freedom of expression.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Governance of media
1. The parties undertake to generate and transmit information in an accurate, truthful and timely manner;
In this sense, stigmatisation and the abusive use of derogatory epithets and adjectives between the parties should be avoided.
2. The parties will agree and approve the contents of communication and public information on the progress of the dialogues process, Agreements, Protocols and other documents produced by the MDP prior to their publication and dissemination.
3. The messages and communications aimed at the public will be coordinated by the MDP in order to guarantee coherence in public information.
4. The parties to the MDP will agree on the means, the moment and the form in which their decisions, public pronouncements and information that requires dissemination will be communicated publicly
5. The drafting of joint communiqués must be agreed, approved and signed by the parties participating in the MDP, through the coordinators of the two delegations or by those they designate.
6. The spokespersonship for the MDP will be decided by its members, in a bipartite manner, and only assumed by the parties with the media when it comes to public pronouncements, such as announcements, communiqués and others.
8. Both male and female delegates, representatives, spokespersons and other attendees at plenaries of the MDP should maintain strict confidentiality about internal discussions that compromise the negotiations.
12. The MDP will have a communications strategy approved by the parties.
13. Each delegation will have a communications officer, who will be responsible for formulating strategies and developing communication actions following the guidelines of the MDP and in coordination with both heads of the delegations.
For this purpose, accurate and timely information will be provided.
15. The parties will assert their right to rectification before the media in circumstances that warrant it.
Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
to this end, they will use clear, respectful, non-stigmatising and inclusive language in order to keep public opinion informed, promote participation and support education on the process, its Agreements, Protocols and other documents generated by the MPD.
9. The communication and public information of agreements, protocols and other documents produced by the MDP will have a pedagogical purpose, using for this purpose, different channels of dissemination and placing special emphasis on the territorial with differential , ethnic and peasant and intersectional approaches.
14. The parties undertake to promote, and to respect freedom of expression.
Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media logistics
Including, in particular, local media, alternative and community channels.
7. The organisation of press conferences, the agenda, and the minute-by-minute schedule of public events in which both male and female delegates and representatives of the parties to the MDP participate will be defined in a concerted manner.
10. The communication strategy should include forms of communication in accordance and in articulation with indigenous, afro and peasant cultures, according to their differential approaches.
11. The MDP, upon agreement between the parties, will facilitate meetings with both male and female journalists from the media and other content generation platforms to strengthen the information, public communication and pedagogical processes.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: Raúl Rosende, Delegate of the Special Representative of the General Secretary of the United Nations in Colombia
Other international signatory: Armando Franchi, Councillor, Embassy of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Louise Wilson, Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of Ireland
Phillip Lustenberger, Special Envoy, Swiss Confederation
Dag Nagoda, Minister Counsellor, Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway
Edelma Gómez, Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA)
Padre Eliecer Soto Ardila, Representative Episcopal Conference of Colombia
Humberto Martín Shikiya, Representative World Council of Churches
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: No specific mention.

PEACE DIALOGUES TABLE BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA AND THE CENTRAL GENERAL STAFF OF THE FARC-EP

PROTOCOL X.

COMMUNICATIONS AND PUBLIC INFORMATION OF THE PEACE DIALOGUES TABLE BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA AND THE CENTRAL GENERAL STAFF OF THE FARC-EP.

This protocol is the instrument to guarantee communication and public information related to the activities, Agreements, pronouncements and decisions taken in the framework of the Peace Dialogues Table (MDP) of the National Government of the Republic of Colombia with the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP.

Consequently,

1. The parties undertake to generate and transmit information in an accurate, truthful and timely manner;

to this end, they will use clear, respectful, non-stigmatising and inclusive language in order to keep public opinion informed, promote participation and support education on the process, its Agreements, Protocols and other documents generated by the MPD.

In this sense, stigmatisation and the abusive use of derogatory epithets and adjectives between the parties should be avoided.

2. The parties will agree and approve the contents of communication and public information on the progress of the dialogues process, Agreements, Protocols and other documents produced by the MDP prior to their publication and dissemination.

3. The messages and communications aimed at the public will be coordinated by the MDP in order to guarantee coherence in public information.

4. The parties to the MDP will agree on the means, the moment and the form in which their decisions, public pronouncements and information that requires dissemination will be communicated publicly

5. The drafting of joint communiqués must be agreed, approved and signed by the parties participating in the MDP, through the coordinators of the two delegations or by those they designate.

6. The spokespersonship for the MDP will be decided by its members, in a bipartite manner, and only assumed by the parties with the media when it comes to public pronouncements, such as announcements, communiqués and others.

Including, in particular, local media, alternative and community channels.

7. The organisation of press conferences, the agenda, and the minute-by-minute schedule of public events in which both male and female delegates and representatives of the parties to the MDP participate will be defined in a concerted manner.

8. Both male and female delegates, representatives, spokespersons and other attendees at plenaries of the MDP should maintain strict confidentiality about internal discussions that compromise the negotiations.

9. The communication and public information of agreements, protocols and other documents produced by the MDP will have a pedagogical purpose, using for this purpose, different channels of dissemination and placing special emphasis on the territorial with differential , ethnic and peasant and intersectional approaches.

10. The communication strategy should include forms of communication in accordance and in articulation with indigenous, afro and peasant cultures, according to their differential approaches.

11. The MDP, upon agreement between the parties, will facilitate meetings with both male and female journalists from the media and other content generation platforms to strengthen the information, public communication and pedagogical processes.

12. The MDP will have a communications strategy approved by the parties.

13. Each delegation will have a communications officer, who will be responsible for formulating strategies and developing communication actions following the guidelines of the MDP and in coordination with both heads of the delegations.

14. The parties undertake to promote, and to respect freedom of expression.

For this purpose, accurate and timely information will be provided.

15. The parties will assert their right to rectification before the media in circumstances that warrant it.

Signed at San José del Guaviare, on 10 March 2024

Signed by the parties:

Camilo González Posso

Coordinator

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Leopoldo Durán García

Head of Delegation of the Central General

Staff of the FARC-EP

Gloria Quinceno Acevedo

Councillor Commissioner for Peace

Nacional Government

Calarcá Córdoba

Delegation of the Central General

Staff of the FARC-EP

Fabio Valencia Cossio

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Willy Romero

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Feliciano Valencia Medina

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Andrey Avendaño

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Luz Dari Landázuri Segura

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

José Tomás Ojeda

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

[No signature]

Carlos Murgas Dávila

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

[No signature]

Javier 33

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Coronel (r) Genny Calvo Olmos

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

[No signature]

Fernanda Briceño

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Yesid Arteta Dávila

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

[No signature]

Robinson Caicedo Ríos

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Oscar Gerardo Salazar Muñoz

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

[No signature]

Sebastián Martínez

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Coronel (r) Luis Alfonso Novoa Díaz

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Cipriano Cortés

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

[No Signature]

Pedro Arenas

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Signed the guarantors as witnesses and depositaries:

Armando Franchi, Councillor, Embassy of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Louise Wilson, Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of Ireland

Phillip Lustenberger, Special Envoy, Swiss Confederation

Dag Nagoda, Minister Counsellor, Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway

Accompanying persons:

Raúl Rosende, Delegate of the Special Representative of the General Secretary of the United Nations in Colombia

Edelma Gómez, Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA)

Padre Eliecer Soto Ardila, Representative Episcopal Conference of Colombia

Humberto Martín Shikiya, Representative World Council of Churches

Protocolo X - Comunicaciones e Información Pública de la Mesa de Diálogos de Paz entre el Gobierno de la República de Colombia y el Estado Mayor Central de las FARC-EP

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Source agreement