Protocolo XI - Protocolo de Evaluación, Prórroga, Suspensión o Finalización del Cese al Fuego Bilateral, Temporal de Carácter Nacional con Impacto Territorial (CFBTNT)

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Protocolo XI - Protocolo de Evaluación, Prórroga, Suspensión o Finalización del Cese al Fuego Bilateral, Temporal de Carácter Nacional con Impacto Territorial (CFBTNT)
Date: 11 Dec 2023
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Colombia VII - Petro Peace Dialogues with FARC-EP
Parties: Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table:

Camilo González Posso, Coordinator, Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
Gloria Quinceno Acevedo, Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
[No signature] Fabio Valencia Cossio, Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
Feliciano Valencia Medina, Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
Luz Dari Landázury Segura, Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
[No signature] Carlos Murgas Guerrero, Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
[No signature] Coronel (r) Genny Calvo Olmos, Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
[No signature] Yesid Arteta Dávila, Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
Oscar Gerardo Salazar Muñoz, Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table
[No signature] Coronel (r) Luis Alfonso Novoa Díaz, Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table

Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP:

Leopoldo Durán García, Head of Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
José Tomás Ojeda, Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Javier 33, Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Franco Ramírez, Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Fernanda Briceño, Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Robinson González, Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Third parties: Accompanying persons:

[Here there is a handwritten signature block, that says “[Illegible name] for the Delegate of the Special Representative of the General Secretary of the United Nations in Colombia]
Raúl Rosende, Delegate of the Special Representative of the General Secretary of the United Nations in Colombia
[No signature] Roberto Menéndez, Head of Mission, Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA)
[No signature], Padre. Eliecer Soto Ardila, Representative Episcopal Conference of Colombia
Humberto Shikiya, Representative World Council of Churches

Signed as witness:

Julian Lopez, Accompanying person, Central General Staff FARC-EP
Leo Ramírez, Accompanying person, Central General Staff FARC-EP
Diego Fernandez, Accompanying person, Central General Staff FARC-EP
Description: This protocol establishes the procedures for evaluating, extending, suspending or terminating the bilateral temporary ceasefire between the Colombian government and FARC-EP. It sets up a monitoring and verification mechanism (MVM) to provide regular reports on ceasefire compliance and incidents. The protocol also includes specific procedures for notification and security measures in case of suspension or termination, giving parties 72 hours to relocate to safe positions.

Agreement document: CO_231211_Prot_10_Prorroga_CFBTNT_EN (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_231211_Prot 10 Prorroga CFBTNT (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→General references
Considering the result of the evaluation carried out by the Peace Dialogues Table and in accordance with the circumstances of the moment, it is up to the sir President of the Republic to decree the extension, suspension or termination of the CFBTNT.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: The International Component, the Episcopal Conference and the World Council of Churches, in the event that the CFBTNT is extended, suspended or terminated, will contribute with their good offices to fulfil the provisions of this protocol.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: In case one of the parties decides to suspend or terminate the CFBTNT, the Delegates, Spokespersons and Representatives in the MDP of the Government Delegations and Central General Staff of the FARC-EP and in the MVMV in its different instances; as well as the guarantor countries and accompanying organisations and the other members of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP will have seventy-two (72) hours, from the notification of the exact date and hour of the suspension or termination, in order to be able to move to places where they can assume their own security and protection measures.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
The Peace Dialogues Table will periodically receive reports from the Oversight, Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVMV) related to events and possible incidents or breaches that have occurred.
The MVMV will submit monthly, bimonthly and quarterly reports to the Peace Dialogues Table, twenty (20) days before the end of the time decreed for the termination of the Bilateral and Temporal Ceasefire of National Character with Territorial Impact (CFBTNT), in order to carry out the corresponding evaluation.
Considering the result of the evaluation carried out by the Peace Dialogues Table and in accordance with the circumstances of the moment, it is up to the sir President of the Republic to decree the extension, suspension or termination of the CFBTNT.
Prior to the issuance of the corresponding Decree, the lessons learned from the events that occurred will be used as a guiding input to make the necessary adjustments to the CFBTNT Agreements and protocols.
In the event of a decision to extend the CFBTNT, each of the parties shall issue the respective orders for its formalisation and implementation, including its pedagogy.
In case one of the parties decides to suspend or terminate the CFBTNT, the Delegates, Spokespersons and Representatives in the MDP of the Government Delegations and Central General Staff of the FARC-EP and in the MVMV in its different instances; as well as the guarantor countries and accompanying organisations and the other members of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP will have seventy-two (72) hours, from the notification of the exact date and hour of the suspension or termination, in order to be able to move to places where they can assume their own security and protection measures.
The International Component, the Episcopal Conference and the World Council of Churches, in the event that the CFBTNT is extended, suspended or terminated, will contribute with their good offices to fulfil the provisions of this protocol.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: In case one of the parties decides to suspend or terminate the CFBTNT, the Delegates, Spokespersons and Representatives in the MDP of the Government Delegations and Central General Staff of the FARC-EP and in the MVMV in its different instances; as well as the guarantor countries and accompanying organisations and the other members of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP will have seventy-two (72) hours, from the notification of the exact date and hour of the suspension or termination, in order to be able to move to places where they can assume their own security and protection measures.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: [Here there is a handwritten signature block, that says “[Illegible name] for the Delegate of the Special Representative of the General Secretary of the United Nations in Colombia]
Raúl Rosende, Delegate of the Special Representative of the General Secretary of the United Nations in Colombia
Other international signatory: Armando Franchi, Representative of Venezuela
Anna Louise Wilson, First Secretary, Embassy of Ireland
Phillip Lustenberger, Special Envoy, Swiss Confederation
Dag Nagoda, Minister Counsellor, Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway
[No signature] Roberto Menéndez, Head of Mission, Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA)
Humberto Shikiya, Representative World Council of Churches
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: The Peace Dialogues Table will periodically receive reports from the Oversight, Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVMV) related to events and possible incidents or breaches that have occurred.
The MVMV will submit monthly, bimonthly and quarterly reports to the Peace Dialogues Table, twenty (20) days before the end of the time decreed for the termination of the Bilateral and Temporal Ceasefire of National Character with Territorial Impact (CFBTNT), in order to carry out the corresponding evaluation.
Considering the result of the evaluation carried out by the Peace Dialogues Table and in accordance with the circumstances of the moment, it is up to the sir President of the Republic to decree the extension, suspension or termination of the CFBTNT.
Prior to the issuance of the corresponding Decree, the lessons learned from the events that occurred will be used as a guiding input to make the necessary adjustments to the CFBTNT Agreements and protocols.
In the event of a decision to extend the CFBTNT, each of the parties shall issue the respective orders for its formalisation and implementation, including its pedagogy.
In case one of the parties decides to suspend or terminate the CFBTNT, the Delegates, Spokespersons and Representatives in the MDP of the Government Delegations and Central General Staff of the FARC-EP and in the MVMV in its different instances; as well as the guarantor countries and accompanying organisations and the other members of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP will have seventy-two (72) hours, from the notification of the exact date and hour of the suspension or termination, in order to be able to move to places where they can assume their own security and protection measures.
The International Component, the Episcopal Conference and the World Council of Churches, in the event that the CFBTNT is extended, suspended or terminated, will contribute with their good offices to fulfil the provisions of this protocol.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: No specific mention.

PEACE DIALOGUES TABLE BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA AND THE CENTRAL GENERAL STAFF OF THE FARC-EP

(PROTOCOL XI)

PROTOCOL FOR THE EVALUATION, EXTENSION, SUSPENSION OR TERMINATION OF THE BILATERAL AND TEMPORARY CEASEFIRE OF NATIONAL CHARACTER WITH TERRITORIAL IMPACT

The Peace Dialogues Table will periodically receive reports from the Oversight, Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVMV) related to events and possible incidents or breaches that have occurred.

The MVMV will submit monthly, bimonthly and quarterly reports to the Peace Dialogues Table, twenty (20) days before the end of the time decreed for the termination of the Bilateral and Temporal Ceasefire of National Character with Territorial Impact (CFBTNT), in order to carry out the corresponding evaluation.

Considering the result of the evaluation carried out by the Peace Dialogues Table and in accordance with the circumstances of the moment, it is up to the sir President of the Republic to decree the extension, suspension or termination of the CFBTNT.

Prior to the issuance of the corresponding Decree, the lessons learned from the events that occurred will be used as a guiding input to make the necessary adjustments to the CFBTNT Agreements and protocols.

In the event of a decision to extend the CFBTNT, each of the parties shall issue the respective orders for its formalisation and implementation, including its pedagogy.

In case one of the parties decides to suspend or terminate the CFBTNT, the Delegates, Spokespersons and Representatives in the MDP of the Government Delegations and Central General Staff of the FARC-EP and in the MVMV in its different instances; as well as the guarantor countries and accompanying organisations and the other members of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP will have seventy-two (72) hours, from the notification of the exact date and hour of the suspension or termination, in order to be able to move to places where they can assume their own security and protection measures.

The International Component, the Episcopal Conference and the World Council of Churches, in the event that the CFBTNT is extended, suspended or terminated, will contribute with their good offices to fulfil the provisions of this protocol.

Signed in Popayán, on 11 December of 2023.

Signed by the parties:

Camilo González Posso

Coordinator

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Leopoldo Durán García

Head of Delegation of the Central General

Staff of the FARC-EP

Gloria Quinceno Acevedo

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

José Tomás Ojeda

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

[No signature]

Fabio Valencia Cossio

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Javier 33

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Feliciano Valencia Medina

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Franco Ramírez

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Luz Dari Landázury Segura

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Fernanda Briceño

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

[No signature]

Carlos Murgas Guerrero

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Robinson González

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

[No signature]

Coronel (r) Genny Calvo Olmos

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

[No signature]

Yesid Arteta Dávila

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Oscar Gerardo Salazar Muñoz

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

[No signature]

Coronel (r) Luis Alfonso Novoa Díaz

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Signed the guarantors as witnesses and depositaries:

Armando Franchi, Representative of Venezuela

Anna Louise Wilson, First Secretary, Embassy of Ireland

Phillip Lustenberger, Special Envoy, Swiss Confederation

Dag Nagoda, Minister Counsellor, Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway

Accompanying persons:

[Here there is a handwritten signature block, that says “[Illegible name] for the Delegate of the Special Representative of the General Secretary of the United Nations in Colombia]

Raúl Rosende, Delegate of the Special Representative of the General Secretary of the United Nations in Colombia

[No signature] Roberto Menéndez, Head of Mission, Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA)

[No signature], Padre. Eliecer Soto Ardila, Representative Episcopal Conference of Colombia

Humberto Shikiya, Representative World Council of Churches

Signed as witness:

Julian Lopez, Accompanying person, Central General Staff FARC-EP

Leo Ramírez, Accompanying person, Central General Staff FARC-EP

Diego Fernandez, Accompanying person, Central General Staff FARC-EP

Protocolo XI - Protocolo de Evaluación, Prórroga, Suspensión o Finalización del Cese al Fuego Bilateral, Temporal de Carácter Nacional con Impacto Territorial (CFBTNT)

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Source agreement