Acuerdo Número 7: Sustitución de Cultivos de Uso Ilícito

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Acuerdo Número 7: Sustitución de Cultivos de Uso Ilícito
Date: 5 Apr 2025
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Colombia VII - Petro Peace Dialogues with Comuneros del Sur (Nariño Regional Process)
Parties: Delegation of the Government of the Republic of Colombia:

Carlos Erazo - Chief of National Government Team
Andrei Gomez-Suárez - Representative National Government
Angela María Robledo Gómez - Representative National Government
Pablo Pardo Velasco - Representative National Government

Delegation of Southern Comuneros:

Royer Garzón Alvarado - Representative Southern Comuneros
Antonio Ovallos - Representative Southern Comuneros
Lorena Sevillano Ortiz - Representative Southern Comuneros
Third parties: Reina Buijs - Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Witness/Accompanying)
Edelma Gómez - Delegate Organisation of American States Mission to Support the Peace Process (Witness/Accompanying)
Padre Paulo Verdugo - Episcopal Conference of Colombia (Witness/Accompanying)
Gloria Miranda Espitia - Directorate for the Substitution of Illicit Crops/DISCI (Witness/Accompanying)
Description: This agreement between the Colombian National Government and Southern Comuneros establishes commitments to transform illegal economies in Nariño department through voluntary substitution of illicit crops. The parties set a target of replacing 5,000 hectares of coca cultivation in ten prioritized municipalities through a two-phase implementation, beginning with declaring Samaniego free of illicit crops in 2025. A Technical Subcommittee will be established to develop a roadmap and oversee the implementation process with an intersectional approach considering ethnic, gender, diversity, life cycle, and territorial perspectives.

Agreement document: CO_250405_Acuerdo_Numero_7_Sustitucion_De_Cultivos_De_Uso_Ilicito_EN (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_250405_Acuerdo Numero 7 Sustitucion De Cultivos De Uso Ilicito (opens in new tab)| Download PDF
Source of document: https://www.consejeriacomisionadadepaz.gov.co/MesaCo-ConstruccionPazNari%C3%B1o/Documents/Recursos-documentos/25.04.05-Acuerdo-7.pdf

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
4. Establishment of a Technical Sub-Committee
...
• The roadmap will take into account an intersectional approach in terms of ethnic, gender, and diversity-related differential approaches, life cycle, and territorial focus.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: 4. Establishment of a Technical Sub-Committee
...
• The roadmap will take into account an intersectional approach in terms of ethnic, gender, and diversity-related differential approaches, life cycle, and territorial focus.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
1. General considerations
...
Joint work, planning, and coordinated action will be essential to transforming illegal economies and guaranteeing a safer and more prosperous future for communities in the region.
In this regard, we have set a target for hectares of illicit crops to be replaced, moving forward in phases and maintaining ongoing dialogue with communities, where the voluntary substitution route proposed by the National Government will be concretised and implemented in the municipalities prioritised by the Roundtable.
2. Commitments of the National Government
The National Government undertakes to create the conditions for the transition of illegal economies in order to achieve the target of replacing 5,000 hectares through the Voluntary substitution of Illicit crops route led by the Directorate for the Substitution of Illicit Crops (DISCI) in the ten municipalities prioritised by the Roundtable.
...
4. Establishment of a Technical Sub-Committee
In order to ensure the effective implementation of this agreement, the Roundtable will establish a Technical Subcommittee responsible for drafting a roadmap to accompany the implementation of the voluntary substitution of illicit crops, with the aim of transforming the illegal economies in the ten prioritised municipalities.
...
• The viability of the projects will depend on the production lines proposed in conjunction with the communities and will be supported by technical analyses provided by the relevant entities of the national, departmental, municipal, and local governments.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: 1. General considerations
...
In this regard, we have set a target for hectares of illicit crops to be replaced, moving forward in phases and maintaining ongoing dialogue with communities, where the voluntary substitution route proposed by the National Government will be concretised and implemented in the municipalities prioritised by the Roundtable.
2. Commitments of the National Government
The National Government undertakes to create the conditions for the transition of illegal economies in order to achieve the target of replacing 5,000 hectares through the Voluntary substitution of Illicit crops route led by the Directorate for the Substitution of Illicit Crops (DISCI) in the ten municipalities prioritised by the Roundtable.
...
4. Establishment of a Technical Sub-Committee
...
• The viability of the projects will depend on the production lines proposed in conjunction with the communities and will be supported by technical analyses provided by the relevant entities of the national, departmental, municipal, and local governments.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: 1. General considerations
The delegations of the National Government and Southern Comuneros reaffirm their commitment to join efforts for the transformation of illegal economies in the department of Nariño.
...
3. Commitments of Southern Comuneros
Southern Comuneros is committed to facilitating the substitution process within the framework of the guidelines established by the National Government.
Its participation represents a valuable contribution to the common effort to transform illegal economies.
4. Establishment of a Technical Sub-Committee
...
• It will be composed of members of the National Government delegation, the Southern Comuneros, the DSCI, and other national and regional actors deemed appropriate by the Roundtable.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: 1. General considerations
The delegations of the National Government and Southern Comuneros reaffirm their commitment to join efforts for the transformation of illegal economies in the department of Nariño.
Recognising the existence of illegal economies in the territory, which affect the population, reinforce cycles of violence and undermine the Social Rule of Law, the delegations sign this agreement with the aim of setting a goal for the substitution of illicit crops in the ten municipalities prioritised by the Peace co-construction roundtable in Nariño, namely the municipalities of Samaniego, Santacruz de Guachavés, La Llanada, Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Ricaurte, Cumbal, Mallama, Providencia, and Guachucal, which account for 11.07% of all illicit crops in the department of Nariño.
Drugs: 1. General considerations
The delegations of the National Government and Southern Comuneros reaffirm their commitment to join efforts for the transformation of illegal economies in the department of Nariño.
Recognising the existence of illegal economies in the territory, which affect the population, reinforce cycles of violence and undermine the Social Rule of Law, the delegations sign this agreement with the aim of setting a goal for the substitution of illicit crops in the ten municipalities prioritised by the Peace co-construction roundtable in Nariño, namely the municipalities of Samaniego, Santacruz de Guachavés, La Llanada, Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Ricaurte, Cumbal, Mallama, Providencia, and Guachucal, which account for 11.07% of all illicit crops in the department of Nariño.
Setting a target for the substitution of illicit crops within the framework of the Roundtable agreements accelerates the start of the transition of illegal economies, strengthens the coordination of institutional efforts, and reaffirms the commitment of all stakeholders.
Joint work, planning, and coordinated action will be essential to transforming illegal economies and guaranteeing a safer and more prosperous future for communities in the region.
In this regard, we have set a target for hectares of illicit crops to be replaced, moving forward in phases and maintaining ongoing dialogue with communities, where the voluntary substitution route proposed by the National Government will be concretised and implemented in the municipalities prioritised by the Roundtable.
2. Commitments of the National Government
The National Government undertakes to create the conditions for the transition of illegal economies in order to achieve the target of replacing 5,000 hectares through the Voluntary substitution of Illicit crops route led by the Directorate for the Substitution of Illicit Crops (DISCI) in the ten municipalities prioritised by the Roundtable.
...
Phase one will aim to declare the municipality of Samaniego free of illicit crops during 2025.
Phase Two will be extended to the municipalities of Santacruz, La Llanada, Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Ricaurte, Mallama, Cumbal, and Guachucal.
...
The DSCI will the entity responsible for developing the route together with the communities and taking the necessary actions to comply with the present agreement.
This Directorate is prepared to begin the institutional route of substitution in the municipalities prioritised by the Roundtable.
...
4. Establishment of a Technical Sub-Committee
In order to ensure the effective implementation of this agreement, the Roundtable will establish a Technical Subcommittee responsible for drafting a roadmap to accompany the implementation of the voluntary substitution of illicit crops, with the aim of transforming the illegal economies in the ten prioritised municipalities.
...
• The Technical Subcommittee will work on planning, designing, and preparing the documents, protocols, and inputs necessary to accompany the implementation and monitoring of the process.
• It will be composed of members of the National Government delegation, the Southern Comuneros, the DSCI, and other national and regional actors deemed appropriate by the Roundtable.
• The viability of the projects will depend on the production lines proposed in conjunction with the communities and will be supported by technical analyses provided by the relevant entities of the national, departmental, municipal, and local governments.
• The roadmap will take into account an intersectional approach in terms of ethnic, gender, and diversity-related differential approaches, life cycle, and territorial focus.
• The Subcommittee will accompany the processes of dissemination, dialogue and consultation with communities in the different phases of the transition from illegal economies in the municipalities prioritised by the Roundtable.
• The participants in the Roundtable will take part in the work of the Technical Subcommittee.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: Accompanying parties
Reina Buijs- Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.

AGREEMENT NUMBER 7.

REPLACEMENT OF ILLEGAL CROPS

1. General considerations

The delegations of the National Government and Southern Comuneros reaffirm their commitment to join efforts for the transformation of illegal economies in the department of Nariño.

Recognising the existence of illegal economies in the territory, which affect the population, reinforce cycles of violence and undermine the Social Rule of Law, the delegations sign this agreement with the aim of setting a goal for the substitution of illicit crops in the ten municipalities prioritised by the Peace co-construction roundtable in Nariño, namely the municipalities of Samaniego, Santacruz de Guachavés, La Llanada, Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Ricaurte, Cumbal, Mallama, Providencia, and Guachucal, which account for 11.07% of all illicit crops in the department of Nariño.

Setting a target for the substitution of illicit crops within the framework of the Roundtable agreements accelerates the start of the transition of illegal economies, strengthens the coordination of institutional efforts, and reaffirms the commitment of all stakeholders.

Joint work, planning, and coordinated action will be essential to transforming illegal economies and guaranteeing a safer and more prosperous future for communities in the region.

In this regard, we have set a target for hectares of illicit crops to be replaced, moving forward in phases and maintaining ongoing dialogue with communities, where the voluntary substitution route proposed by the National Government will be concretised and implemented in the municipalities prioritised by the Roundtable.

2. Commitments of the National Government

The National Government undertakes to create the conditions for the transition of illegal economies in order to achieve the target of replacing 5,000 hectares through the Voluntary substitution of Illicit crops route led by the Directorate for the Substitution of Illicit Crops (DISCI) in the ten municipalities prioritised by the Roundtable.

This process will be carried out in two phases.

Phase one will aim to declare the municipality of Samaniego free of illicit crops during 2025.

Phase Two will be extended to the municipalities of Santacruz, La Llanada, Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Ricaurte, Mallama, Cumbal, and Guachucal.

These phases will be carried out gradually and in accordance with the provisions of point 4, which establishes the Technical Subcommittee.

The DSCI will the entity responsible for developing the route together with the communities and taking the necessary actions to comply with the present agreement.

This Directorate is prepared to begin the institutional route of substitution in the municipalities prioritised by the Roundtable.

3. Commitments of Southern Comuneros

Southern Comuneros is committed to facilitating the substitution process within the framework of the guidelines established by the National Government.

Its participation represents a valuable contribution to the common effort to transform illegal economies.

4. Establishment of a Technical Sub-Committee

In order to ensure the effective implementation of this agreement, the Roundtable will establish a Technical Subcommittee responsible for drafting a roadmap to accompany the implementation of the voluntary substitution of illicit crops, with the aim of transforming the illegal economies in the ten prioritised municipalities.

The main objectives of the Technical Subcommittee are as follows:

• The Technical Subcommittee will work on planning, designing, and preparing the documents, protocols, and inputs necessary to accompany the implementation and monitoring of the process.

• It will be composed of members of the National Government delegation, the Southern Comuneros, the DSCI, and other national and regional actors deemed appropriate by the Roundtable.

• The viability of the projects will depend on the production lines proposed in conjunction with the communities and will be supported by technical analyses provided by the relevant entities of the national, departmental, municipal, and local governments.

• The roadmap will take into account an intersectional approach in terms of ethnic, gender, and diversity-related differential approaches, life cycle, and territorial focus.

• The Subcommittee will accompany the processes of dissemination, dialogue and consultation with communities in the different phases of the transition from illegal economies in the municipalities prioritised by the Roundtable.

• The participants in the Roundtable will take part in the work of the Technical Subcommittee.

The delegations express their deep gratitude to the communities for their willingness to co-construct peace in Nariño, to the Directorate for the Substitution of Illicit Crops (DISCI), to the Government of Nariño, Municipal Entities and Local Governments;

and to the national and international accompanying bodies—the Episcopal Conference of Colombia, the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA)—whose support is fundamental to the territorial transformations in Nariño.

Pasto, 5 April 2025

Delegation of the Government of the Republic of Colombia:

Carlos Erazo - Chief of National Government Team

Andrei Gomez-Suárez - Representative National Government

Angela María Robledo Gómez - Representative National Government

Pablo Pardo Velasco - Representative National Government

Delegation of Southern Comuneros:

Royer Garzón Alvarado - Representative Southern Comuneros

Antonio Ovallos - Representative Southern Comuneros

Lorena Sevillano Ortiz - Representative Southern Comuneros

Accompanying parties

Reina Buijs- Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Edelma Gómez-Delegate Organisation of American States Mission to Support the Peace Process

Padre Paulo Verdugo- Episcopal Conference of Colombia

Suscribe-Gloria Miranda Espitia, Directorate for the Substitution of Illicit Crops (DISCI)