Acuerdo 2: Países garantes y países, organismos e instituciones acompañantes

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Acuerdo 2: Países garantes y países, organismos e instituciones acompañantes
Date: 24 Nov 2022
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Colombia VII - Petro Peace Dialogues with ELN
Parties: Not signed, but agreement part of a process involving the Government of Colombia and The ELN (National Liberation Army).
Third parties: -
Description: This agreement defines the composition of the international and institutional support structure around the Colombian peace process Dialogue Table, ratifying Cuba, Norway, and Venezuela as guarantor countries and inviting Brazil and Chile to continue in that role. It extends exploratory invitations to Mexico and the United States to potentially join as guarantor and liaison respectively, and invites four European countries (Germany, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland) to participate as accompanying countries. It also formally requests the participation of the UN Secretary-General through his Special Representative and the Episcopal Conference of Colombia as permanent accompanying parties to the peace process.

Agreement document: CO_221124_Acuerdo_2_Países_garantes_y_países_organismos_e_instituciones_acompañantes_EN (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_221124_Acuerdo 2 Países garantes y países, organismos e instituciones acompañantes (opens in new tab)| Download PDF
Source of document: https://www.consejeriacomisionadadepaz.gov.co/dialogos-eln/Documents/Acuerdo%202.pdf

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.

Agreement 2:

Guarantor countries and accompanying countries, organisations and institutions

DEFINITIONS ON GUARANTOR COUNTRIES, ACCOMPANYING COUNTRIES, AS WELL AS INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS AND NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ACCOMPANYING THE PEACE PROCESS DIALOGUE TABLE.

We, the parties, have agreed as follows:

1. To ratify the participation of the guarantor countries: the Republic of Cuba, the Kingdom of Norway and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

2. To invite envoys from the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of Chile to give effect to their continued role as guarantor countries in the Dialogue Table and the Peace Process.

3. Invite the United States of Mexico to explore its interest in participating as a guarantor country in the Roundtable and Peace Process.

4. Invite the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, the Kingdom of Sweden and the Swiss Confederation to express their willingness to participate as countries accompanying, supporting and cooperating with the Roundtable and the Process, as well as the possibility of reactivating the GPAAC group together with other countries.

5. Request participation and support as a permanent accompanying party in the Dialogue Table and Peace Process of the Secretary-General, through his Special Representative in Colombia and the Episcopal Conference of Colombia.

6. Invite the Apostolic Nuncio in Colombia to a meeting to ascertain his willingness to continue accompanying the Roundtable and the Process.

7. The National Government will extend an invitation to the Government of the United States of America to explore the possibility of appointing a special envoy to liaise with the Roundtable.

Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, 24 November 2022