Joint Declaration by the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand on the outcomes of their meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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Country/entity: Cambodia
Thailand
Region: Asia and Pacific
Agreement name: Joint Declaration by the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand on the outcomes of their meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Date: 26 Oct 2025
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Interstate/interstate conflict Cambodia - Thailand border dispute (1954 - )
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Territory
Peace process: Cambodia - Thailand border dispute process
Parties: Hun Manet, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia

Anutin Charnvirakul, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand
Third parties: Anwar Ibrahim, Prime Minister of Malaysia

Donald J. Trump, President of the United States of America
Description: This joint declaration between Cambodia and Thailand establishes a comprehensive framework for implementing a ceasefire and de-escalating border tensions through military withdrawal, establishment of an ASEAN Observer Team (AOT), and humanitarian de-mining operations. The agreement reaffirms both countries' commitment to peaceful resolution of border disputes through established bilateral mechanisms including the Regional Border Committee, General Border Committee, and Joint Boundary Commission. Witnessed by the United States and Malaysia, the declaration sets out confidence-building measures, prohibits hostile rhetoric, commits Thailand to releasing prisoners of war, and aims to restore diplomatic relations between the two nations.

Agreement document: KH_TH_251026_Joint Declaration by the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand on the outcomes of their meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Source of document: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/2025/10/joint-declaration-by-the-prime-minister-of-the-kingdom-of-cambodia-and-the-prime-minister-of-the-kingdom-of-thailand-on-the-outcomes-of-their-meeting-in-kuala-lampur-malaysia/

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): We, the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand, as witnessed by the President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister of Malaysia, having met in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on October 26, 2025, declare the following:
1.We reaffirm the unwavering commitment to peace and security between our two countries — as declared in Putrajaya, Malaysia, on July 28, 2025 — and reiterate our firm commitment to refrain from the threat or use of force, peaceful settlement of disputes, and respect for international boundary and of international law, for the promotion of peace, security, stability, and prosperity in the region on the basis of mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of our respective nations.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: To achieve and reinforce these objectives, we agree to the following steps to ensure the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire, and restoration of peace, security, and stability in the border areas:
...
-Reaffirm our commitment to the settlement of border dispute and border demarcation through peaceful means and international law, refraining from the threat or use of force or any acts of provocation, and recognize the Regional Border Committee, General Border Committee, and Joint Boundary Commission (JBC) as the bilateral mechanisms to work through border-related issues through peaceful means, in accordance with their respective mandates, in coordination with local governors, to peacefully manage the situation on the ground, including the issues of alleged encroachment by either side in accordance with the outcome of the discussion under the JBC, and the cessation of all activities which expand the scope of the disputes and further escalate tensions.
Cross-border provision: To achieve and reinforce these objectives, we agree to the following steps to ensure the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire, and restoration of peace, security, and stability in the border areas:
...
to resolve differences peacefully, in the spirit of good neighborliness, friendship, and solidarity;
and to work towards the restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
-Coordinate and implement humanitarian de-mining in the border areas, as agreed by the General Border Committee — without prejudice to the survey and demarcation of land boundary between both countries — to protect civilian lives and contribute to socio-economic development.
...
6. We agree to enhance cooperation, information sharing, and strategic communications efforts, and strengthen border controls to prevent and suppress transnational crimes that impact both our citizens and the wider international community.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: We, the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand, as witnessed by the President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister of Malaysia, having met in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on October 26, 2025, declare the following:
1.We reaffirm the unwavering commitment to peace and security between our two countries — as declared in Putrajaya, Malaysia, on July 28, 2025 — and reiterate our firm commitment to refrain from the threat or use of force, peaceful settlement of disputes, and respect for international boundary and of international law, for the promotion of peace, security, stability, and prosperity in the region on the basis of mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of our respective nations.
...
To achieve and reinforce these objectives, we agree to the following steps to ensure the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire, and restoration of peace, security, and stability in the border areas:
...
-Reaffirm our commitment to the settlement of border dispute and border demarcation through peaceful means and international law, refraining from the threat or use of force or any acts of provocation, and recognize the Regional Border Committee, General Border Committee, and Joint Boundary Commission (JBC) as the bilateral mechanisms to work through border-related issues through peaceful means, in accordance with their respective mandates, in coordination with local governors, to peacefully manage the situation on the ground, including the issues of alleged encroachment by either side in accordance with the outcome of the discussion under the JBC, and the cessation of all activities which expand the scope of the disputes and further escalate tensions.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: To achieve and reinforce these objectives, we agree to the following steps to ensure the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire, and restoration of peace, security, and stability in the border areas:
...
Both Governments reaffirm the commitment to peacefully resolve disputes in full respect for international laws and existing treaties and agreements.
The conditions have been created for our nations to look forward and embark on building neighborly relations in keeping with the letter and spirit of the United Nations Charter and principles enshrined in the ASEAN Charter on peaceful conflict resolution, paving the way for a new chapter of peace and cooperation between our two nations.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
To achieve and reinforce these objectives, we agree to the following steps to ensure the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire, and restoration of peace, security, and stability in the border areas:
...
- Refrain from disseminating or promoting false information, accusations, allegations, and harmful rhetoric, whether through official government channels or unofficial platforms, in order to de-escalate tensions, mitigate negative public sentiment, and foster an environment conducive to peaceful dialogue.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
To achieve and reinforce these objectives, we agree to the following steps to ensure the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire, and restoration of peace, security, and stability in the border areas:
...
-Coordinate and implement humanitarian de-mining in the border areas, as agreed by the General Border Committee — without prejudice to the survey and demarcation of land boundary between both countries — to protect civilian lives and contribute to socio-economic development.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
To achieve and reinforce these objectives, we agree to the following steps to ensure the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire, and restoration of peace, security, and stability in the border areas:
...
-Coordinate and implement humanitarian de-mining in the border areas, as agreed by the General Border Committee — without prejudice to the survey and demarcation of land boundary between both countries — to protect civilian lives and contribute to socio-economic development.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: We, the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand, as witnessed by the President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister of Malaysia, having met in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on October 26, 2025, declare the following:
1.We reaffirm the unwavering commitment to peace and security between our two countries — as declared in Putrajaya, Malaysia, on July 28, 2025 — and reiterate our firm commitment to refrain from the threat or use of force, peaceful settlement of disputes, and respect for international boundary and of international law, for the promotion of peace, security, stability, and prosperity in the region on the basis of mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of our respective nations.
...
To achieve and reinforce these objectives, we agree to the following steps to ensure the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire, and restoration of peace, security, and stability in the border areas:
...
-Agree to the full and immediate implementation of confidence-building measures to restore and maintain confidence, mutual trust, and peace along the border;
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
We, the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand, as witnessed by the President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister of Malaysia, having met in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on October 26, 2025, declare the following:
...
3.We signed the Terms of Reference (TOR) on the establishment of the ASEAN Observer Team (AOT), which will comprise personnel from ASEAN Member States with the objective of ensuring the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire.
We call on ASEAN Member States to provide the appropriate support to ensure the AOT can successfully meet its objectives.
4.Furthermore, we committed to de-escalating tensions and restoring confidence and mutually beneficial relations between the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Kingdom of Thailand.
To achieve and reinforce these objectives, we agree to the following steps to ensure the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire, and restoration of peace, security, and stability in the border areas:
- Implement military de-escalation under the observation and verification of the AOT, to include the removal of heavy and destructive weapons and equipment from the border and returning them back to their respective normal military installations.
In this context, both sides will designate their respective teams to discuss — with a view to finalizing — a practical and step-by-step action plan which will be under the observation of the Interim Observer Team, and subsequently the AOT once it is established pursuant to the TOR.
- Refrain from disseminating or promoting false information, accusations, allegations, and harmful rhetoric, whether through official government channels or unofficial platforms, in order to de-escalate tensions, mitigate negative public sentiment, and foster an environment conducive to peaceful dialogue.
-Agree to the full and immediate implementation of confidence-building measures to restore and maintain confidence, mutual trust, and peace along the border;
to resolve differences peacefully, in the spirit of good neighborliness, friendship, and solidarity;
and to work towards the restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
-Coordinate and implement humanitarian de-mining in the border areas, as agreed by the General Border Committee — without prejudice to the survey and demarcation of land boundary between both countries — to protect civilian lives and contribute to socio-economic development.
-Reaffirm our commitment to the settlement of border dispute and border demarcation through peaceful means and international law, refraining from the threat or use of force or any acts of provocation, and recognize the Regional Border Committee, General Border Committee, and Joint Boundary Commission (JBC) as the bilateral mechanisms to work through border-related issues through peaceful means, in accordance with their respective mandates, in coordination with local governors, to peacefully manage the situation on the ground, including the issues of alleged encroachment by either side in accordance with the outcome of the discussion under the JBC, and the cessation of all activities which expand the scope of the disputes and further escalate tensions.
5. Upon effective implementation of above-mentioned measures, both sides will recognize the cessation of active hostilities.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
To achieve and reinforce these objectives, we agree to the following steps to ensure the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire, and restoration of peace, security, and stability in the border areas:
- Implement military de-escalation under the observation and verification of the AOT, to include the removal of heavy and destructive weapons and equipment from the border and returning them back to their respective normal military installations.
In this context, both sides will designate their respective teams to discuss — with a view to finalizing — a practical and step-by-step action plan which will be under the observation of the Interim Observer Team, and subsequently the AOT once it is established pursuant to the TOR.
...
-Coordinate and implement humanitarian de-mining in the border areas, as agreed by the General Border Committee — without prejudice to the survey and demarcation of land boundary between both countries — to protect civilian lives and contribute to socio-economic development.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: To achieve and reinforce these objectives, we agree to the following steps to ensure the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire, and restoration of peace, security, and stability in the border areas:
...
6. We agree to enhance cooperation, information sharing, and strategic communications efforts, and strengthen border controls to prevent and suppress transnational crimes that impact both our citizens and the wider international community.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: To achieve and reinforce these objectives, we agree to the following steps to ensure the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire, and restoration of peace, security, and stability in the border areas:
...
Further, as a demonstration of Thailand’s desire to promote mutual confidence and trust, Thailand undertakes to promptly release the prisoners of war.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: Witnesses:
Anwar Ibrahim, Prime Minister of Malaysia
Donald J. Trump, President of the United States of America
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: We, the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand, as witnessed by the President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister of Malaysia, having met in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on October 26, 2025, declare the following:
...
3.We signed the Terms of Reference (TOR) on the establishment of the ASEAN Observer Team (AOT), which will comprise personnel from ASEAN Member States with the objective of ensuring the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire.
We call on ASEAN Member States to provide the appropriate support to ensure the AOT can successfully meet its objectives.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.

Joint Declaration by the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand on the outcomes of their meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

We, the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand, as witnessed by the President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister of Malaysia, having met in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on October 26, 2025, declare the following:

1.We reaffirm the unwavering commitment to peace and security between our two countries — as declared in Putrajaya, Malaysia, on July 28, 2025 — and reiterate our firm commitment to refrain from the threat or use of force, peaceful settlement of disputes, and respect for international boundary and of international law, for the promotion of peace, security, stability, and prosperity in the region on the basis of mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of our respective nations.

2.We reaffirm our firm commitment to upholding and implementing the agreements reached by both sides at the General Border Committee meetings.

3.We signed the Terms of Reference (TOR) on the establishment of the ASEAN Observer Team (AOT), which will comprise personnel from ASEAN Member States with the objective of ensuring the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire.

We call on ASEAN Member States to provide the appropriate support to ensure the AOT can successfully meet its objectives.

4.Furthermore, we committed to de-escalating tensions and restoring confidence and mutually beneficial relations between the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Kingdom of Thailand.

To achieve and reinforce these objectives, we agree to the following steps to ensure the full and effective implementation of the ceasefire, and restoration of peace, security, and stability in the border areas:

- Implement military de-escalation under the observation and verification of the AOT, to include the removal of heavy and destructive weapons and equipment from the border and returning them back to their respective normal military installations.

In this context, both sides will designate their respective teams to discuss — with a view to finalizing — a practical and step-by-step action plan which will be under the observation of the Interim Observer Team, and subsequently the AOT once it is established pursuant to the TOR.

- Refrain from disseminating or promoting false information, accusations, allegations, and harmful rhetoric, whether through official government channels or unofficial platforms, in order to de-escalate tensions, mitigate negative public sentiment, and foster an environment conducive to peaceful dialogue.

-Agree to the full and immediate implementation of confidence-building measures to restore and maintain confidence, mutual trust, and peace along the border;

to resolve differences peacefully, in the spirit of good neighborliness, friendship, and solidarity;

and to work towards the restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries.

-Coordinate and implement humanitarian de-mining in the border areas, as agreed by the General Border Committee — without prejudice to the survey and demarcation of land boundary between both countries — to protect civilian lives and contribute to socio-economic development.

-Reaffirm our commitment to the settlement of border dispute and border demarcation through peaceful means and international law, refraining from the threat or use of force or any acts of provocation, and recognize the Regional Border Committee, General Border Committee, and Joint Boundary Commission (JBC) as the bilateral mechanisms to work through border-related issues through peaceful means, in accordance with their respective mandates, in coordination with local governors, to peacefully manage the situation on the ground, including the issues of alleged encroachment by either side in accordance with the outcome of the discussion under the JBC, and the cessation of all activities which expand the scope of the disputes and further escalate tensions.

5. Upon effective implementation of above-mentioned measures, both sides will recognize the cessation of active hostilities.

Further, as a demonstration of Thailand’s desire to promote mutual confidence and trust, Thailand undertakes to promptly release the prisoners of war.

6. We agree to enhance cooperation, information sharing, and strategic communications efforts, and strengthen border controls to prevent and suppress transnational crimes that impact both our citizens and the wider international community.

7. We acknowledge the need to chart a course for a bright future not bound by conflicts of the past.

Both Governments reaffirm the commitment to peacefully resolve disputes in full respect for international laws and existing treaties and agreements.

The conditions have been created for our nations to look forward and embark on building neighborly relations in keeping with the letter and spirit of the United Nations Charter and principles enshrined in the ASEAN Charter on peaceful conflict resolution, paving the way for a new chapter of peace and cooperation between our two nations.

8. We express our confidence that this meeting, in the presence of and supported by President Donald J. Trump of the United States of America and Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim of Malaysia, is a strong foundation for mutual respect and the advancement of peace in the region.

We note with deep appreciation President Donald J. Trump’s significant contributions to advancing the restoration of productive bilateral relations between the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Kingdom of Thailand.

Signed at Kuala Lumpur on October 26, 2025, in quadruplicate, in the English language.

Hun Manet, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia

Anutin Charnvirakul, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand

Witnesses:

Anwar Ibrahim, Prime Minister of Malaysia

Donald J. Trump, President of the United States of America

Joint Declaration by the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand on the outcomes of their meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Source agreement