Myanmar: Timeline of Institutional Change
Peace Agreements, Local Agreements, Constitutional Events, Amnesties, Elections and Coup d'etats in Myanmar since 1990.
Interactive timeline of peace or transition agreements, coup d’états, amnesties, elections and constitutional events since 1990.
Peace Agreements, Local Agreements, Constitutional Events, Amnesties, Elections and Coup d'etats in Myanmar since 1990.
Legislative/Parliamentary elections were held in Myanmar (Burma) on 27 May. There were no international monitors present at these elections. The incumbent party lost the election. There were protests/riots held in Myanmar (Burma) related to the elections. The NELDA ID for this election is 775-1990-0527-L1 which can provide more information about this event through the full dataset, accessible from their website.
In Myanmar in April 1992, there was a military coup held. This was a successful reshuffling coup. The post-coup fate for the perpetrator was ok. The colpus ID for this coup d’etat is: 775-1992-4-23, which can be used to find the event within the Colpus dataset.
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Legislative/Parliamentary elections were held in Myanmar (Burma) on 07 November. There were no international monitors present at these elections. The incumbent leader Than Shwe remained in power after this election. The NELDA ID for this election is 775-2010-1107-L1 which can provide more information about this event through the full dataset, accessible from their website.
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An amnesty was introduced in Myanmar in 2012. There was no legislation introduced with the amnesty. It was introduced by: President Thein Sein For more details, visit the ACPA database page for Myanmar 2012 Amnesty.
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An amnesty was introduced in Myanmar in 2013. There was no legislation introduced with the amnesty. It was introduced by: President Thein Sein For more details, visit the ACPA database page for Myanmar 2013 (Apr) Amnesty.
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An amnesty was introduced in Myanmar in 2013. Legislation was introduced with this amnesty, namely: Order No. 51/2013 (30 December 2013), introduced by: President Thein Sein. For more details, visit the ACPA database page for Myanmar 2013 (Dec) Amnesty.
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Legislative/Parliamentary elections were held in Myanmar (Burma) on 08 November. International monitors were present at these elections. The incumbent party lost the election - the new leader in power was Htin Kyaw, replacing the previous leader Thein Sein. NELDA notes on this election includes: These elections were the first the NLD had participated in since 1990. The NELDA ID for this election is 775-2015-1108-L1 which can provide more information about this event through the full dataset, accessible from their website.
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Legislative/Parliamentary elections were held in Myanmar (Burma) on 08 November. International monitors were present at these elections. The incumbent party remained in power, but Myint Swe replaced U Win Myint as the leader. NELDA notes on this election includes: These elections were highly criticized for the disenfranchisement of voters from ethnic minority communities and for the repression of critical news sources. Election observers, however, noted no fraud and an open campaign environment within the communities able to participate. The election results were overturned by a military coup on February 1st 2021 a few days prior to the first seating of Parliament. The NELDA ID for this election is 775-2020-1108-L1 which can provide more information about this event through the full dataset, accessible from their website.
In Myanmar in February 2021, there was a military coup held. This was a successful regime change coup. The colpus ID for this coup d’etat is: 775-2021-2-1, which can be used to find the event within the Colpus dataset.
The following data sources were used to develop these timelines:
Bell, C., & Badanjak, S. (2019). Introducing PA-X: A new peace agreement database and dataset. Journal of Peace Research, 56(3), 452-466. Available at https://www.peaceagreements.org/
Chin, J. J., Carter, D. B., & Wright, J. G. (2021). The Varieties of Coups D’état: Introducing the Colpus Dataset. International Studies Quarterly, 65(4), 1040-1051.
Elkins, Zachary and Tom Ginsburg. 2022 “Characteristics of National Constitutions, Version 4.0.” Comparative Constitutions Project. Last modified: October 24, 2022. Available at comparativeconstitutionsproject.org
The National Elections across Democracy and Autocracy (NELDA) dataset: Hyde, S. D., & Marinov, N. (2012). Which elections can be lost? Political analysis, 20(2), 191-210.
Mallinder, L., (2020), Amnesties, Conflict and Peace Agreement (ACPA) Dataset. Available at https://www.peaceagreements.org/amnesties/