Non-aggression and peaceful cohabitation pact between the disputing parties from Bamingui-Bangoran

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Country/entity: Central African Republic
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Non-aggression and peaceful cohabitation pact between the disputing parties from Bamingui-Bangoran
Date: 27 Aug 2020
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Central African Republic Conflicts (1996 - )
The Central African Republic conflict is one of a set of regionally connected conflicts addressed by the African Great Lakes process. After the country gained independence from France in 1960 it has been ruled by a sequence of autocratic leaders that principally gained power through coups. Since the mid-1990s several waves of internal conflict took place in the Central African Republic, primarily along tribal, and later-on increasingly sectarian, lines. In 1996 and 1997, French troops and soldiers from neighbouring countries intervened to end a mutiny in the capital, Bangui, by factions of the army. The fighting was predominantly along tribal lines, with southern tribes in revolt against the ‘northern’ government. A UN mission was installed in 1998 to secure the truce.
After General Bozizé took control of the country after several coup attempts in 2003, a ‘bush war’ began led by armed opposition forces. From late 2006 onward, government troops with French military support severely weakened the rebels. Following this, a number of agreements were signed during 2007-2008, but not all factions have accepted them. In 2011, Bozizé was re-elected in supposedly fraudulent elections, which resulted in a new wave of uprisings. Séléka, an alliance of northern rebel groups, took over parts of the country and forced Bozizé to agree to a power-sharing deal. However, after this agreement broke down, Séléka took control of Bangui and Bozizé had to flee the country in 2013. Leader of Séléka, Michel Djotodia, took office and officially disbanded Séléka. However, continual violence between ex-Séléka groups and opposing militias, collectively known as ‘anti-balaka’, persisted and Djotodia was forced to resign less than a year later. Catherine Samba-Panza was installed as interim president until Faustin Archange Touadéra was elected in January 2016. In February 2019 an agreement was signed between the government and fourteen armed groups, including ex-Seleka groups, committed to disarmament. However, violence between ex-Seleka groups and anti-balaka continues.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: CAR: Local Processes
Parties: Signatory parties
Conflicting parties

Adam Moctar, Atahir English

The President of the National Defense and Security Council of the FPRC
Abdoulaye Hissen

His Majesty, Common Sultan-Mayor of Dar-El-Kouti
Ibrahim Senoussi

The Head of the MINUSCA Office,
Dr. Pollock Ndonodji

The President of the CMOP, Facilitator and Guarantor of the Prefecture of Bamingui-Bangoran
Francois Dieudonne Bata Wapi Yepi
Third parties: -
Description: FPRC, the armed group that dominates the Ndele area, signed this agreement with the local actors and facilitators, as well as MINUSCA, to reaffirm their commitment to the Political Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation (https://peaceagreements.org/view/2147), and committing to maintaining the mobility of people and goods, as well as refraining from violent acts.

Agreement document: CF_200827_Non-aggression and peaceful cohabitation pact between the disputing parties from Bamingui-Bangoran_tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CF_200827_Non-aggression and peaceful cohabitation pact between the disputing parties from Bamingui-Bangoran.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Substantive
Page 1:
Under the terms of this Pact
a). Act of subversion means any act which incites, aggravates, or creates dissension within the FPRC with the intention or objective of destabilizing or creating insecurity, in particular by exacerbating racial, religious, linguistic, ethnic, and other differences, in violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the APPR-RCA;

Page 2:
Ill. Obligations / Commitments
Article 3
The parties undertake to
...
b) Agree that no consideration of any kind, be it political, economic, military, religious, ethnic, or racial can justify aggression
Religious groups: Groups→Religious groups→Substantive
Page 1:
Under the terms of this Pact
a). Act of subversion means any act which incites, aggravates, or creates dissension within the FPRC with the intention or objective of destabilizing or creating insecurity, in particular by exacerbating racial, religious, linguistic, ethnic, and other differences, in violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the APPR-RCA;

Page 2:
Ill. Obligations / Commitments
Article 3
The parties undertake to
...
b) Agree that no consideration of any kind, be it political, economic, military, religious, ethnic, or racial can justify aggression
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 2:
II. Goals
Article 2
The purpose of the pact is
a) To promote peaceful coexistence between the parties in matters of non-aggression allowing the free movement of persons and goods, throughout the prefecture of Bamingui-Bangoran in general, and Ndele in particular;

Page 2:
Ill. Obligations / Commitments
Article 3
The parties undertake to
...
e) Scrupulously respect and facilitate the free movement of people and goods in Ndele and the other localities of Bamingui-Bangoran
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: Page 1:
Under the terms of this Pact
a). Act of subversion means any act which incites, aggravates, or creates dissension within the FPRC with the intention or objective of destabilizing or creating insecurity, in particular by exacerbating racial, religious, linguistic, ethnic, and other differences, in violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the APPR-RCA;

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 2,
III. Obligations / Commitments

Article 3

The parties undertake to

a) Settle by peaceful means any dispute, in such a way that peace and security are not endangered, refrain in their relations from resorting to threats or the use of force in a manner incompatible with the APPR-RCA, and protect the civilian population in all circumstances
b) Agree that no consideration of any kind, be it political, economic, military, religious, ethnic, or racial can justify aggression
c) Scrupulously respect the five (05) points of the recommendations of the Executive Monitoring Committee (CES) of the APPR-RCA on the crisis in Ndele
d) Remain within the framework of the peace and reconciliation process initiated by the government and continued by the political and administrative authorities of Bamingui-Bangoran and MINUSCA in Ndele,
e) Scrupulously respect and facilitate the free movement of people and goods in Ndele and the other localities of Bamingui-Bangoran
f) Strictly refrain from any act which could spread fear and sow terror among the civilian population.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: The Head of the MINUSCA Office,
Dr. Pollock Ndonodji
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 3:
IV. Final provisions
Article 4
Any violation of this "Pact" is liable to expose the authors to national and international sanctions, per article 35 of the APPR-RCA as well as the relevant provisions of the decisions of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union and the Resolutions of the United Nations Security Council, in particular within the framework of their current sanctions regimes.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: on file with PA-X PI

BAMINGUI-BANGORAN PREFECTURE

PREFECTORAL IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Unity - Dignity - Work

NON-AGGRESSION AND PEACEFUL COHABITATION PACT

BETWEEN THE DISPUTING PARTIES

FROM BAMINGUI-BANGORAN

August 2020

Preamble

We, the disputing parties;

• Aware of the serious impact that internal conflicts have on peace, security, stability, and social cohesion within our respective communities, as well as their devastating impact on socio-economic development in the Bamingui-Bangoran prefecture in general and the city of Ndele in particular.

• Convinced that there can be no peace in Ndele without a shared common vision, including the communities of the Bamingui-Bangoran prefecture, with mutual respect integrating forgiveness, social cohesion, and the free movement of people and goods;

• Committed to our common vision of seeking a lasting peace, based on strict respect for the principles of peaceful coexistence and mutual non-aggression;

• Resolved to put an end to internal conflicts of any nature whatsoever to guarantee conditions conducive to the return of internally displaced persons to their former places of residence;

• Reaffirming our commitment to respect the Political Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation in the Central African Republic (APPR-RCA) of February 6, 2019, in particular its articles 34 and 35.

Have agreed as follows:

Definitions

First article.

Under the terms of this Pact

a). Act of subversion means any act which incites, aggravates, or creates dissension within the FPRC with the intention or objective of destabilizing or creating insecurity, in particular by exacerbating racial, religious, linguistic, ethnic, and other differences, in violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the APPR-RCA;

b). Aggression means the use by one of the parties to this pact of armed force or any other hostile act, incompatible with the provisions of the APPR-RCA, and/or against the security of the civilian populations;

c). Destabilization means any act which interrupts the peace and tranquility of the civilian populations or which leads to social and political disorder;

d). Dispute means any conflict between the parties to this pact constituting a serious threat to peace and security;

e). Non-aggression means any peaceful act taken by one of the parties to this Pact, which does not constitute aggression, as defined above.

f). Pact means a binding agreement signed between the parties.

II. Goals

Article 2

The purpose of the pact is

a) To promote peaceful coexistence between the parties in matters of non-aggression allowing the free movement of persons and goods, throughout the prefecture of Bamingui-Bangoran in general, and Ndele in particular;

b) To prevent conflicts between the parties and to ensure that disputes are resolved by peaceful means.

Ill. Obligations / Commitments

Article 3

The parties undertake to

a) Settle by peaceful means any dispute, in such a way that peace and security are not endangered, refrain in their relations from resorting to threats or the use of force in a manner incompatible with the APPR-RCA, and protect the civilian population in all circumstances

b) Agree that no consideration of any kind, be it political, economic, military, religious, ethnic, or racial can justify aggression

c) Scrupulously respect the five (05) points of the recommendations of the Executive Monitoring Committee (CES) of the APPR-RCA on the crisis in Ndele

d) Remain within the framework of the peace and reconciliation process initiated by the government and continued by the political and administrative authorities of Bamingui-Bangoran and MINUSCA in Ndele,

e) Scrupulously respect and facilitate the free movement of people and goods in Ndele and the other localities of Bamingui-Bangoran

f) Strictly refrain from any act which could spread fear and sow terror among the civilian population.

IV. Final provisions

Article 4

Any violation of this "Pact" is liable to expose the authors to national and international sanctions, per article 35 of the APPR-RCA as well as the relevant provisions of the decisions of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union and the Resolutions of the United Nations Security Council, in particular within the framework of their current sanctions regimes.

Article 5

The monitoring of this "Pact" is ensured by the CMOP, CTS, and MINUSCA per the Annex of the APPR-RCA points 5 and 6.

This "Pact" comes into force on the date of its signature by the parties.

Done at Ndele on August 27, 2020

Signatory parties

Conflicting parties

The President of the National Defense and Security Council of the FPRC

His Majesty, Common Sultan-Mayor of Dar-El-Kouti

The Head of the MINUSCA Office, The President of the CMOP,

Facilitator and Guarantor of the Prefecture of Bamingui-Bangoran