Peace Agreements Database

Country/entity

Ethiopia
Tigray

Region

Africa (excl MENA)

Agreement name

Agreement for Lasting Peace through the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities Between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF)

Date

02/11/2022

Agreement status

Multiparty signed/agreed

Interim arrangement

Yes

Agreement/conflict level

Intrastate/intrastate conflict (Ethiopia's Territorial Conflicts (1990 - )

Agreements relate to three distinct (but related) conflict contexts:

Ethiopia-Eritrea. The first relates to the relationship between Ethiopia and Eritrea in the post-1990 period. In 1991, the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF) defeated the communist military junta (‘Derg’) in Ethiopia and proclaimed independence for Eritrea. At the same time, Derg itself was overthrown by the Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Forces (EPRDF), which established a transitional government in Ethiopia. Eritrea was granted an independence referendum, which resulted in a 99.8 per cent pro-independence vote. However, border tensions and heavy disputes, in particular on minority rights and economic issues, between EPLF and EPRDF led to new fighting between the two countries in 1998. A mediation by the US administration led to a difficult truce and in 2000 a peace agreement was signed. The ruling of the Border Commission established by the agreement was rejected by Ethiopia. The border continued to be heavily occupied by troops on both sides and border skirmishes continued into 2016. In June 2018, after a series of summits, the state of war was declared over in a Joint Declaration of Peace and Friendship, as Ethiopia finally agreed to honour the ruling of the Border Commission. This followed by a series of steps to improve political, economic and diplomatic ties. Transport and telephone links have been re-established, and borders reopened. In July 2018, the countries have signed the ‘Agreement on Peace, Friendship and Comprehensive Cooperation’ reiterating their commitment to achieving long-lasting peace in the region.

Ethiopia-Ogaden. The third relates to the remaining conflict in the Ogaden region. Here the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) in 1994 waged war against the Ethiopian government, demanding secession from the Ethiopian state and integration into Greater Somalia. Despite signing several agreements, low-intensity guerrilla warfare is still ongoing, although ONLF’s strength significantly declined after 2009. Pursuant to an agreement with the federal government, they have returned from Eritrea to pursue peaceful political struggle and planning to register as a party and participate in 2020 elections.

Ethiopia-internal. The second relates to the attempts to reach settlement between contending groups post the Derg’s overthrow with a negotiated political charter and ‘peace agreement’ constitution.

Ethiopia's Territorial Conflicts (1990 - ) )

Stage

Ceasefire/related (Ceasefire)

Conflict nature

Government/territory

Peace process

172: Ethiopia: Tigray process

Parties

For the Government of the FDRE
(Illegible Signature)

For the Tigrays People's Liberation Front 
(Illegible Signature)

Third parties

His Excellency Moussa Faki Mahamat,
Chairperson African Union Commission

His Excellency Olusegun Obasanjo,
former President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, and AU High Representatives for the Horn of Africa

His Exellency Uhuru Kenyatta,
former President of the Republic of Kenya (Panel Member)

Her Excellency Dr. Phunzile Mlambo-Ngeuka,
former Deputy President of the Republic of South Africa (Panel Member)

Description

Cessation of hostilities agreement which addresses DDR, protection of civilians, gender based violence and access.

Agreement document

ET_22112_Agreement for Lasting Peace through the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities.pdf []

Groups

Children/youth

Substantive

Page 4, Article 4 - Protection of Civilians
2) The Parties shall, in particular, condemn any act of sexual and gender-based violence, any net of violence against children, girls, women and the elderly, including recruitment and conscription of child soldiers, and support family reunification.

Page 5, Article 5 — Humanitarian Access
1) The Government of FDRE shall expedite the provision of humanitarian aid in collaboration with humanitarian agencies taking into account the specific needs of vulnerable groups including women, children and the elderly; The Parties shall cooperate to this effect; 

Disabled persons

No specific mention.

Elderly/age

Substantive

Page 4, Article 4 - Protection of Civilians
2) The Parties shall, in particular, condemn any act of sexual and gender-based violence, any net of violence against children, girls, women and the elderly, including recruitment and conscription of child soldiers, and support family reunification.

Page 5, Article 5 — Humanitarian Access
1) The Government of FDRE shall expedite the provision of humanitarian aid in collaboration with humanitarian agencies taking into account the specific needs of vulnerable groups including women, children and the elderly; The Parties shall cooperate to this effect; 

Migrant workers

No specific mention.

Racial/ethnic/national group

No specific mention.

Religious groups

No specific mention.

Indigenous people

No specific mention.

Other groups

No specific mention.

Refugees/displaced persons

Rhetorical

Page 5, Article 5 — Humanitarian Access
3) The Government  of FDRE undertakes to facilitate the return and reintegration of internal displaced persons and refugees, whenever the security situation permits. 

Social class

No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender

Page 4, Article 4 - Protection of Civilians
2) The Parties shall, in particular, condemn any act of sexual and gender-based violence, any net of violence against children, girls, women and the elderly, including recruitment and conscription of child soldiers, and support family reunification.

Page 5, Article 5 — Humanitarian Access
1) The Government of FDRE shall expedite the provision of humanitarian aid in collaboration with humanitarian agencies taking into account the specific needs of vulnerable groups including women, children and the elderly; The Parties shall cooperate to this effect; 

Men and boys

No specific mention.

LGBTI

No specific mention.

Family

Page 4, Article 4 - Protection of Civilians
2) The Parties shall, in particular, condemn any act of sexual and gender-based violence, any net of violence against children, girls, women and the elderly, including recruitment and conscription of child soldiers, and support family reunification.

Page 5, Article 5 — Humanitarian Access
2) The Parties undertake to cooperate among themselves and with the relevant humanitarian agencies to assist in reuniting families;

State definition

State definition

Nature of state (general)

Page 3, Article 2 — Principles Underpinning the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
The Parties shall be guided by the following principles:
1) Respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and unity of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE);

Page 6, Article 7 — Confidence-building measures
1) The TPLF shall: 
...
e) Halt any conduct that undermines the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ethiopia, including unconstitutional correspondence and relations with foreign powers.

Page 6-7, Article 8 — International Boundaries and Federal Facilities
2) The ENDF shall safeguard sovereignty, integrity, and security of the country from foreign incursion and ensure that there will be no provocation or incursion from either side of the border.

Cross-border provision

Page 6, Article 7 — Confidence-building measures
1) The TPLF shall: 
...
e) Halt any conduct that undermines the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ethiopia, including unconstitutional correspondence and relations with foreign powers.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed)

General references

Page 7, Article 9 — Restoration of Federal Authority in the Tigray Region and representation in federal institutions
1) The Parties agree on the restoration of Federal Authority in the Tigray Region, including control of federal institutions and agencies.
2) The Federal Government shall ensure and facilitate the representation of the Tigray region in the federal institutions, including the House of Federation, and House of Peoples' Representatives, in accordance with the FDRE Constitution and applicable laws.

Temporary new institutions

Page 7, Article 10 — Transitional Measures
1. Within a week of the implementation of Article 7 (2) (c) and until elections for the Regional Council and the House of Peoples’ Representatives are held under the supervision of the Ethiopian National Election Board, the establishment of an Interim Regional Administration will be settled through political dialogue between the Parties;
2. A week after the implementation of Article 7 (2) (c) the Parties shall start a political dialogue to find lasting solutions to the underlying political differences between them;
...
4. The Parties commit to resolving issues of contested areas in accordance with the Constitution Of the Federal Democratic Republic Of Ethiopia.

Constitution's affirmation/renewal

Page 3, Article I — Objectives
The objectives of this Agreement are to:
...
2) Restore the constitutional order disrupted due to the conflict in the Tigray Region;

Page 3, Article 2 — Principles Underpinning the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
The Parties shall be guided by the following principles:
...
b) Legality and respect for constitutional norms and principles enshrined in the FDRE Constitution;

Constitutional reform/making

No specific mention.

Elections

Page 7, Article 10 — Transitional Measures
1. Within a week of the implementation of Article 7 (2) (c) and until elections for the Regional Council and the House of Peoples’ Representatives are held under the supervision of the Ethiopian National Election Board, the establishment of an Interim Regional Administration will be settled through political dialogue between the Parties;

Electoral commission

No specific mention.

Political parties reform

No specific mention.

Civil society

Page 7, Article 10 — Transitional Measures
3. The Government of Ethiopia shall implement a comprehensive national transitional justice policy aimed at accountability, ascertaining the truth, redress for victims, reconciliation, and healing, consistent with the Constitution of FDRE and the African Union Transitional Justice Policy Framework. The transitional justice policy shall be developed with inputs from all stakeholders, and civil society groups through public consultations and formal national policy-making process.

Traditional/religious leaders

No specific mention.

Public administration

No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing

No specific mention.

Territorial power sharing

Federal or similar sub-divided government

Page 7, Article 9 — Restoration of Federal Authority in the Tigray Region and representation in federal institutions
1) The Parties agree on the restoration of Federal Authority in the Tigray Region, including control of federal institutions and agencies.
2) The Federal Government shall ensure and facilitate the representation of the Tigray region in the federal institutions, including the House of Federation, and House of Peoples' Representatives, in accordance with the FDRE Constitution and applicable laws.

Economic power sharing

No specific mention.

Military power sharing

No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL

Page 2, Preamble
...Mindful of the desire of the people of Ethiopia to live in peace and dignity in an inclusive democratic society based on justice, equality, respect for human rights, and the rule of law;

Page 3, Article 2 — Principles Underpinning the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
The Parties shall be guided by the following principles:
...
c. Respect for fundamental human rights and democratic norms and principles;

Equality

Page 2, Preamble
...Mindful of the desire of the people of Ethiopia to live in peace and dignity in an inclusive democratic society based on justice, equality, respect for human rights, and the rule of law;

Democracy

Page 3, Article 2 — Principles Underpinning the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
The Parties shall be guided by the following principles:
Respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and unity of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE);
...c. Respect for fundamental human rights and democratic norms and principles;
...e. Respect for the African Charter on Democracy, Elections, and Governance;

Protection measures

Protection of civilians

Page 3, Article 2 — Principles Underpinning the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
The Parties shall be guided by the following principles:
...
d. Protection of civilians;

Page 4, Article 4 - Protection of Civilians
1) The Parties shall protect the human rights of the civilian population and commit to upholding applicable international humanitarian law instruments to which Ethiopia is a party;
2) The Parties shall, in particular, condemn any act of sexual and gender-based violence, any net of violence against children, girls, women and the elderly, including recruitment and conscription of child soldiers, and support family reunification.

Protection of rights and legal frameworks

Page 4, Article 4 - Protection of Civilians
1) The Parties shall protect the human rights of the civilian population and commit to upholding applicable international humanitarian law instruments to which Ethiopia is a party;

Human rights framework

Treaty incorporation

Page 3, Article 2 — Principles Underpinning the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
The Parties shall be guided by the following principles:
...
Respect for the African Charter on Democracy, Elections, and Governance;
Accountability and justice in accordance with the FDRE Constitution and the AU Transitional Justice Policy Framework;

Page 4, Article 4 - Protection of Civilians
1) The Parties shall protect the human rights of the civilian population and commit to upholding applicable international humanitarian law instruments to which Ethiopia is a party;

Page 7, Article 10 — Transitional Measures
3. The Government of Ethiopia shall implement a comprehensive national transitional justice policy aimed at accountability, ascertaining the truth, redress for victims, reconciliation, and healing, consistent with the Constitution of FDRE and the African Union Transitional Justice Policy Framework. The transitional justice policy shall be developed with inputs from all stakeholders, and civil society groups through public consultations and formal national policy-making process.

Civil and political rights

No specific mention.

Socio-economic rights

No specific mention.

NHRI

No specific mention.

Regional or international human rights institutions

No specific mention.

Mobility/access

Page 3, Article 2 — Principles Underpinning the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
The Parties shall be guided by the following principles:
...
g. Unhindered humanitarian access to all in need of assistance;

Page 6, Article 7 — Confidence-building measures
2) The Government of the FDRE shall:
...
d) Mobilize and expedite humanitarian assistance for all those in need in the Tigray Region and other affected areas, and ensure unhindered humanitarian access.

Detention procedures

No specific mention.

Media and communication

Other

Page 4, Article 3 - The Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
3. The Permanent Cessation of hostilities lies shall include the cessation of all forms of hostile propaganda, rhetoric, and hate speech:

Citizenship

No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law

No specific mention.

State of emergency provisions

No specific mention.

Judiciary and courts

No specific mention.

Prisons and detention

No specific mention.

Traditional Laws

No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction

Humanitarian assistance

Page 3, Article 2 — Principles Underpinning the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
The Parties shall be guided by the following principles:
...
g. Unhindered humanitarian access to all in need of assistance;
h. The use of humanitarian aid exclusively for humanitarian purposes.
...
j. Relief and Reconstruction;

Page 5, Article 5 — Humanitarian Access
1) The Government of FDRE shall expedite the provision of humanitarian aid in collaboration with humanitarian agencies taking into account the specific needs of vulnerable groups including women, children and the elderly; The Parties shall cooperate to this effect; 
2) The Parties undertake to cooperate among themselves and with the relevant humanitarian agencies to assist in reuniting families;
3) The Government  of FDRE undertakes to facilitate the return and reintegration of internal displaced persons and refugees, whenever the security situation permits. 
4) The Parties shall ensure the humanitarian aid is only used for humanitarian purposes.

Page 6, Article 7 — Confidence-building measures
2) The Government of the FDRE shall:
...
d) Mobilize and expedite humanitarian assistance for all those in need in the Tigray Region and other affected areas, and ensure unhindered humanitarian access.

Infrastructure and reconstruction

Page 3, Article I — Objectives
The objectives of this Agreement are to:
...
9) Facilitate economic recovery and reconstruction;

Page 3, Article 2 — Principles Underpinning the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
The Parties shall be guided by the following principles:
...
j. Relief and Reconstruction;

Page 6, Article 7 — Confidence-building measures
2) The Government of the FDRE shall:
...
b) Expedite and coordinate the restoration of essential services in the Tigray region within agreed timeframes;

Page 7, Article 8 — International Boundaries and Federal Facilities
3) The ENDF, Federal Police, and other federal security organs shall take full and effective control of national airspace, aviation safety and security, and all federal facilities, installations, and major infrastructure such as ports and highways within the Tigray Region.

National economic plan

No specific mention.

Natural resources

No specific mention.

International funds

No specific mention.

Business

No specific mention.

Taxation

No specific mention.

Banks

No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights

No specific mention.

Pastoralist/nomadism rights

No specific mention.

Cultural heritage

No specific mention.

Environment

No specific mention.

Water or riparian rights or access

No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees

Page 3, Article I — Objectives
The objectives of this Agreement are to:
...
4) Guarantee security for all;

Page 6, Article 7 — Confidence-building measures
1) The TPLF shall: 
...
b) Refrain from aiding and abetting, supporting, or collaborating with any armed or subversive group in any part of the country.
...
d) Refrain from conscription, training, deployment, mobilization, or preparation for conflict and hostilities.
...
f) Cease all attempts of bringing about an unconstitutional change of government.

Page 6, Article 7 — Confidence-building measures
2) The Government of the FDRE shall:
a) Halt military operations targeting the TPLF combatants;

Ceasefire

Ceasefire provision

Page 3, Article I — Objectives
The objectives of this Agreement are to:
1) Reach an immediate and Permanent Cessation of Hostilities with a view to silencing the Guns and creating a conducive environment and laying the foundation for sustainable peace;

Page 4, Article 3 - The Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
1. The Parties commit and declare an immediate and Permanant Cessastion of Hostilities, and undertake to disengage forces or armed groups under their control;
2. This Permanent Cessation of all forms of hostilities shall include, among others: the cessation of overt and covert acts of violence; laying of mines; sabotage; airstrikes; direct or indirect ads of violence; and subversion or use of proxies to destabilize the other party or collusion with any external force hostile to either party;
3. The Permanent Cessation of hostilities lies shall include the cessation of all forms of hostile propaganda, rhetoric, and hate speech:
4. The Permanent Cessation of Hostilities shall pave the way for the restoration of the constitutional order in the Tigray Region and political dialogue between the Parties:
5. The Parties agree to restore the presence of federal authority in Mekelle in order to create a conducive environment for the resumption of public services in the region us well as to ensure the safety of the inhabitants of the city. To this effect, the Parties agree that the ENDF and other relevant Federal Institutions shall have an expeditious, smooth, peaceful, and coordinated entry into Mckelle, which shall be facilitated through the open communication channel to he established between the senior commanders of the Parties as per Article 6 (c) of this Agreement.

Page 7-8, Article 11 — Monitoring, Verification, and Compliance
1) The Parties agree to institute a monitoring, verification, and compliance mechanism for the effective implementation of the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities. For this purpose, the
Parties agree to establish a Joint Committee comprising a representative from each party a representative from IGAD and chaired by the African Union through the High-Level Panel. The Joint Committee shall be assisted by a team of African Experts;
2) The AU, through the High-LeveI Panel, shall appoint a team of African experts to monitor the implementation of the permanent cessation of hostilities agreed upon under Article 3 of this Agreement. The Parties shall appoint one expert each to work with the team of African Experts:
3) The AU, through the High-Level Panel shall consult with the Parties regarding the terms of reference and the profile of the Experts.
4) The specific functions of the experts, including those with a military background, shall be agreed upon between the Parties and the AU, through the High-Level Panel;
5) The number of experts shall not exceed ten (10). If additional experts are needed. This shall be agreed upon with the Parties;
6) The duration of the mandate of the experts shall be six months from the date the experts are deployed. This period could be extended upon agreement with the Parties;
7) The AU, through the High-Level Panel may, in agreement with the Parties. Augment the work of the experts with satellite imagery;
8) Whenever the team of experts finds instances of violation of the cessation of hostilities, they will inform the concerned party to take immediate measures to rectify the violation;
9) They will also inform the other party and Joint Committee of any communication under the preceding sub-article. If the violation is not rectified within 24 hours, the AU, through the High-Level Panel will convene the Joint Committee to resolve the problem.

General commitments

Page 2, Preamble
...Convinced of the need to agree upon the terms for the permanent cessation of hostilities and modalities for the peaceful settlement of all political differences and disputes;

Police

Page 6-7, Article 8 — International Boundaries and Federal Facilities
...
3) The ENDF, Federal Police, and other federal security organs shall take full and effective control of national airspace, aviation safety and security, and all federal facilities, installations, and major infrastructure such as ports and highways within the Tigray Region.

Armed forces

Page 4, Article 3 - The Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
5. The Parties agree to restore the presence of federal authority in Mekelle in order to create a conducive environment for the resumption of public services in the region us well as to ensure the safety of the inhabitants of the city. To this effect, the Parties agree that the ENDF and other relevant Federal Institutions shall have an expeditious, smooth, peaceful, and coordinated entry into Mckelle, which shall be facilitated through the open communication channel to he established between the senior commanders of the Parties as per Article 6 (c) of this Agreement.

Page 5, Article 6 — Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR)
The Parties:
a. Agree and recognize that the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has only one defence force;

Page 6, Article 7 — Confidence-building measures
1) The TPLF shall: 
...
c) Respect the constitutional mandate of the Federal Government to deploy the Ethiopian National Defence Force as well as federal security and law enforcement agencies to discharge their responsibilities under the Constitution, relevant laws, and regulations.

Page 6, Article 7 — Confidence-building measures
2) The Government of the FDRE shall:
a) Halt military operations targeting the TPLF combatants;

Page 6-7, Article 8 — International Boundaries and Federal Facilities
1) The ENDF shall be deployed along the international boundaries of Ethiopia.
2) The ENDF shall safeguard sovereignty, integrity, and security of the country from foreign incursion and ensure that there will be no provocation or incursion from either side of the border.
3) The ENDF, Federal Police, and other federal security organs shall take full and effective control of national airspace, aviation safety and security, and all federal facilities, installations, and major infrastructure such as ports and highways within the Tigray Region.

DDR

DDR programmes

Page 5, Article 6 — Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR)
The Parties:
a. Agree and recognize that the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has only one defence force;
b. Shall design and implement a comprehensive DDR program for TPLF combatants consistent with the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia;
c. Agree that within 24 hours of the signing of this Agreement, an open channel of communication between senior commanders of both sides will be established;
d. Agree to organize a meeting of senior commanders within 5 days from the signing of this Agreement to discuss and work out detailed modalities for disarmament for the TPLF combatants, taking into account the security situation on the ground;
e. Agree to undertake the disarmament of the heavy armaments of the TPLF combatants as a matter of priority based on a detailed schedule to be agreed upon between the senior commanders of the Parties. The disarmament activities in the schedule should be completed within ten days from the conclusion of the meeting of senior commanders. The ten-day period could be extended based on the recommendation of the senior commanders, to be endorsed by the parties.
f. Agree to finalize the overall disarmament of the TPLF, including light weapons, within 30 days from the signing of this Agreement;
g. Agree that the demobilization and reintegration plan will take into account the Region's law-and-order needs.

Intelligence services

No specific mention.

Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces

Page 5, Article 6 — Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR)
The Parties:
a. Agree and recognize that the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has only one defence force;
b. Shall design and implement a comprehensive DDR program for TPLF combatants consistent with the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia;
c. Agree that within 24 hours of the signing of this Agreement, an open channel of communication between senior commanders of both sides will be established;
d. Agree to organize a meeting of senior commanders within 5 days from the signing of this Agreement to discuss and work out detailed modalities for disarmament for the TPLF combatants, taking into account the security situation on the ground;
e. Agree to undertake the disarmament of the heavy armaments of the TPLF combatants as a matter of priority based on a detailed schedule to be agreed upon between the senior commanders of the Parties. The disarmament activities in the schedule should be completed within ten days from the conclusion of the meeting of senior commanders. The ten-day period could be extended based on the recommendation of the senior commanders, to be endorsed by the parties.
f. Agree to finalize the overall disarmament of the TPLF, including light weapons, within 30 days from the signing of this Agreement;
g. Agree that the demobilization and reintegration plan will take into account the Region's law-and-order needs.

Page 6, Article 7 — Confidence-building measures
1) The TPLF shall: 
a) Respect the constitutional authority of the Federal Government, all constitutional bodies and organs of the Federal Government, including but not limited to the authority of the Federal Government to control all federal facilities, institutions, and the international boundaries of the country.
b) Refrain from aiding and abetting, supporting, or collaborating with any armed or subversive group in any part of the country.
c) Respect the constitutional mandate of the Federal Government to deploy the Ethiopian National Defence Force as well as federal security and law enforcement agencies to discharge their responsibilities under the Constitution, relevant laws, and regulations.
d) Refrain from conscription, training, deployment, mobilization, or preparation for conflict and hostilities.
e) Halt any conduct that undermines the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ethiopia, including unconstitutional correspondence and relations with foreign powers.
f) Cease all attempts of bringing about an unconstitutional change of government.

Page 6, Article 7 — Confidence-building measures
2) The Government of the FDRE shall:
a) Halt military operations targeting the TPLF combatants;
...
c) Facilitate the lifting of the terrorist designation of the TPLF by the House of Peoples' Representatives;

Withdrawal of foreign forces

No specific mention.

Corruption

No specific mention.

Crime/organised crime

No specific mention.

Drugs

No specific mention.

Terrorism

Page 6, Article 7 — Confidence-building measures
2) The Government of the FDRE shall:
...
c) Facilitate the lifting of the terrorist designation of the TPLF by the House of Peoples' Representatives;

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general

No specific mention.

Amnesty/pardon

No specific mention.

Courts

No specific mention.

Mechanism

Page 3, Article I — Objectives
The objectives of this Agreement are to:
...
6) Provide a framework for addressing matters arising out of the conflict;
7) Provide a framework to ensure accountability for matters arising out of the conflict;

Page 3, Article 2 — Principles Underpinning the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
The Parties shall be guided by the following principles:
...
f. Accountability and justice in accordance with the FDRE Constitution and the AU Transitional Justice Policy Framework;

Page 7, Article 10 — Transitional Measures
3. The Government of Ethiopia shall implement a comprehensive national transitional justice policy aimed at accountability, ascertaining the truth, redress for victims, reconciliation, and healing, consistent with the Constitution of FDRE and the African Union Transitional Justice Policy Framework. The transitional justice policy shall be developed with inputs from all stakeholders, and civil society groups through public consultations and formal national policy-making process.

Prisoner release

No specific mention.

Vetting

No specific mention.

Victims

Page 7, Article 10 — Transitional Measures
3. The Government of Ethiopia shall implement a comprehensive national transitional justice policy aimed at accountability, ascertaining the truth, redress for victims, reconciliation, and healing, consistent with the Constitution of FDRE and the African Union Transitional Justice Policy Framework. The transitional justice policy shall be developed with inputs from all stakeholders, and civil society groups through public consultations and formal national policy-making process.

Missing persons

No specific mention.

Reparations

No specific mention.

Reconciliation

Page 3, Article I — Objectives
The objectives of this Agreement are to:
...
8) Foster reconciliation and the rehabilitation of social bonds;

Page 3, Article 2 — Principles Underpinning the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
The Parties shall be guided by the following principles:
...
i. Reconciliation and rehabilitation;

Page 7, Article 10 — Transitional Measures
3. The Government of Ethiopia shall implement a comprehensive national transitional justice policy aimed at accountability, ascertaining the truth, redress for victims, reconciliation, and healing, consistent with the Constitution of FDRE and the African Union Transitional Justice Policy Framework. The transitional justice policy shall be developed with inputs from all stakeholders, and civil society groups through public consultations and formal national policy-making process.

Implementation

UN signatory

No specific mention.

Other international signatory

His Excellency Moussa Faki Mahamat,
Chairperson African Union Commission

His Excellency Olusegun Obasanjo,
former President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, and AU High Representatives for the Horn of Africa

His Exellency Uhuru Kenyatta,
former President of the Republic of Kenya (Panel Member)

Her Excellency Dr. Phunzile Mlambo-Ngeuka,
former Deputy President of the Republic of South Africa (Panel Member)

Referendum for agreement

No specific mention.

International mission/force/similar

No specific mention.

Enforcement mechanism

No specific mention.