Acuerdo N° 3: Sobre el Cese al Fuego Bilateral, de carácter local y temporal (CFBLT).
- Country/entity
-
Colombia
- Region
-
Americas
- Agreement name
- Acuerdo N° 3: Sobre el Cese al Fuego Bilateral, de carácter local y temporal (CFBLT).
- Date
- 19 Dec 2024
- Agreement status
- Multiparty signed/agreed
- Interim arrangement
- Yes
- Agreement/conflict level
- Intrastate/local conflict
- Stage
- Ceasefire/related
- Conflict nature
- Government/territory
- Peace process
- Colombia VII - Petro Peace Dialogues with Comuneros del Sur (Nariño Regional Process)
- Parties
-
Government of the Republic of Colombia Delegation:
Carlos Erazo - Chief of National Government Team
Clemencia Carabali - Representative National Government
Andrei Gómez-Suárez - Representative National Government
Angela María Robledo Gómez - Representative National Government
Pablo Pardo Velasco - Representative National Government
Southern Comuneros Delegation:
Royer Garzon Alvarado - Representative Southern Comuneros
Antonio Ovallos - Representative Southern Comuneros
Lorena Sevillano Ortiz - Representative Southern Comuneros
Leidy Paola Tapia - Representative Southern Comuneros
Santo García Nastacuas - Representative Southern Comuneros
Jaime Álvarez Riascos - Representative Southern Comuneros - Third parties
-
Accompanying Parties:
Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organization of American States (MAPP-OEA)
Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Episcopal Conference of Colombia - Description
- This agreement establishes a 180-day Local and Temporary Bilateral Ceasefire (CFBLT) between the Colombian National Government and the Southern Comuneros armed group in Nariño Department. The ceasefire suspends offensive military operations by government forces and offensive actions by Southern Comuneros in ten specified municipalities, while establishing a Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVM) with government, Southern Comuneros, and international components. The agreement facilitates the progressive concentration of Southern Comuneros members in temporary location zones in Santacruz de Guachavés and Samaniego municipalities over 60 days, creating conditions for territorial transformation, humanitarian actions, and the transition of Southern Comuneros toward full citizenship and a social-political movement.
- Agreement document
- CO_241219_Acuerdo_Numero_3_Cese_Al_Fuego_Bilateral_De_Caracter_Local_Y_Temporal_EN (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
- Agreement document (original language)
- CO_241219_Acuerdo Numero 3 Cese Al Fuego Bilateral De Caracter Local Y Temporal (opens in new tab)
- Source of document
https://www.consejeriacomisionadadepaz.gov.co/MesaCo-ConstruccionPazNari%C3%B1o/Documents/Recursos-documentos/Acuerdo3CesealFuego-Firmado.pdf
Groups
- Children/youth
- Groups→Children/youth→Rhetorical1. General considerations...This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law - IHL - in particular Article 3 common to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocol II of 1977, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 of 2000, which recognises the impact of armed conflict on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, United Nations Security Council Resolution 2535 of 2020 on Youth, Peace and Security, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 73/165 on the rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007).Groups→Children/youth→Substantive1. General considerations...It also has as its frame of reference what is stipulated in Article 2 of the 1991 Political Constitution, as it will allow for the participation of society, including indigenous peoples, ethnic communities, ROM, rural communities, women, youth, and other groups requiring special protection.
- Disabled persons
No specific mention.
- Elderly/age
No specific mention.
- Migrant workers
No specific mention.
- Racial/ethnic/national group
- Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Substantive1. General considerations...It also has as its frame of reference what is stipulated in Article 2 of the 1991 Political Constitution, as it will allow for the participation of society, including indigenous peoples, ethnic communities, ROM, rural communities, women, youth, and other groups requiring special protection.
- Religious groups
No specific mention.
- Indigenous people
- Groups→Indigenous people→Rhetorical1. General considerations...This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law - IHL - in particular Article 3 common to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocol II of 1977, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 of 2000, which recognises the impact of armed conflict on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, United Nations Security Council Resolution 2535 of 2020 on Youth, Peace and Security, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 73/165 on the rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007).Groups→Indigenous people→Substantive1. General considerations...It also has as its frame of reference what is stipulated in Article 2 of the 1991 Political Constitution, as it will allow for the participation of society, including indigenous peoples, ethnic communities, ROM, rural communities, women, youth, and other groups requiring special protection.
- Other groups
- Groups→Other groups→Rhetorical1. General considerations...This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law - IHL - in particular Article 3 common to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocol II of 1977, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 of 2000, which recognises the impact of armed conflict on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, United Nations Security Council Resolution 2535 of 2020 on Youth, Peace and Security, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 73/165 on the rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007).Groups→Other groups→Substantive1. General considerations...It also has as its frame of reference what is stipulated in Article 2 of the 1991 Political Constitution, as it will allow for the participation of society, including indigenous peoples, ethnic communities, ROM, rural communities, women, youth, and other groups requiring special protection.
- Refugees/displaced persons
No specific mention.
- Social class
No specific mention.
Gender
- Women, girls and gender
- 1. General considerations...This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law - IHL - in particular Article 3 common to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocol II of 1977, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 of 2000, which recognises the impact of armed conflict on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, United Nations Security Council Resolution 2535 of 2020 on Youth, Peace and Security, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 73/165 on the rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007).It also has as its frame of reference what is stipulated in Article 2 of the 1991 Political Constitution, as it will allow for the participation of society, including indigenous peoples, ethnic communities, ROM, rural communities, women, youth, and other groups requiring special protection.
- Men and boys
No specific mention.
- LGBTI
No specific mention.
- Family
No specific mention.
State definition
- Nature of state (general)
No specific mention.
- State configuration
No specific mention.
- Self determination
No specific mention.
- Referendum
No specific mention.
- State symbols
No specific mention.
- Independence/secession
No specific mention.
- Accession/unification
No specific mention.
- Border delimitation
No specific mention.
- Cross-border provision
No specific mention.
Governance
- Political institutions (new or reformed)
No specific mention.
- Elections
No specific mention.
- Electoral commission
No specific mention.
- Political parties reform
- Governance→Political parties reform→Rebels transitioning to political parties1. General considerations...6. Facilitate conditions for the transition of Southern Comuneros towards full citizenship and towards a social and political movement.
- Civil society
- 1. General considerations...It also has as its frame of reference what is stipulated in Article 2 of the 1991 Political Constitution, as it will allow for the participation of society, including indigenous peoples, ethnic communities, ROM, rural communities, women, youth, and other groups requiring special protection....5. Facilitate state intervention for Territorial Transformation and contribute to the conditions for the participation of society.
- Traditional/religious leaders
No specific mention.
- Public administration
No specific mention.
- Constitution
No specific mention.
Power sharing
- Political power sharing
No specific mention.
- Territorial power sharing
No specific mention.
- Economic power sharing
No specific mention.
- Military power sharing
No specific mention.
Human rights and equality
- Human rights/RoL general
- This involves the suspension of offensive military operations by the Armed Forces and special operations by the National Police, as well as offensive actions by Southern Comuneros and any actions that affect the civilian population within the framework of IHL....1. General considerationsThe State is the guarantor of the free and full exercise of the rights and freedoms of individuals and communities in the territories, at all times and in all places, under the Social Rule of Law.Civil, military, and police authorities will continue to exercise their constitutional, legal, and regulatory functions and powers, without exception, as well as their obligations and duties under International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law....2. Respect life in all its forms, the rights and freedoms of the civilian population, the territory, the environment and nature....IV. General commitments:...6. Suspend offensive actions by Southern Comuneros against the Public Force; and respect the civilian population within the framework of IHL.
- Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
- Treaty incorporation
- 1. General considerations...This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law - IHL - in particular Article 3 common to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocol II of 1977, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 of 2000, which recognises the impact of armed conflict on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, United Nations Security Council Resolution 2535 of 2020 on Youth, Peace and Security, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 73/165 on the rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007).
- Civil and political rights
- Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Life1. General considerations...2. Respect life in all its forms, the rights and freedoms of the civilian population, the territory, the environment and nature.
- Socio-economic rights
No specific mention.
Rights related issues
- Citizenship
No specific mention.
- Democracy
- 1. General considerations...5. Facilitate state intervention for Territorial Transformation and contribute to the conditions for the participation of society....II. PrinciplesThe parties reiterate that, in addition to the ethics of life and the right to comprehensive peace, with democracy and social and environmental justice, they are guided by the following principles:
- Detention procedures
No specific mention.
- Media and communication
- Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media rolesII. Principles...• The information subject to disclosure must be handled through the established channels, ensuring confidentiality when so determined.Rights related issues→Media and communication→OtherII. Principles...• The information must be clear and accessible to the parties during the process of monitoring and verifying the terms of the ceasefire.
- Mobility/access
No specific mention.
- Protection measures
- Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians1. General considerations...3. Avoid confrontations and incidents between the Public Force and Southern Comuneros that could affect the process and the communities....IV. General commitments:...6. Suspend offensive actions by Southern Comuneros against the Public Force; and respect the civilian population within the framework of IHL.Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of groups1. General considerations...It also has as its frame of reference what is stipulated in Article 2 of the 1991 Political Constitution, as it will allow for the participation of society, including indigenous peoples, ethnic communities, ROM, rural communities, women, youth, and other groups requiring special protection.
- Other
No specific mention.
Rights institutions
- NHRI
No specific mention.
- Regional or international human rights institutions
No specific mention.
Justice sector reform
- Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
- State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
- Judiciary and courts
No specific mention.
- Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
- Traditional Laws
No specific mention.
Socio-economic reconstruction
- Development or socio-economic reconstruction
- Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development1. General considerations...5. Facilitate state intervention for Territorial Transformation and contribute to the conditions for the participation of society....IV. General commitments:...The entry into force of the CFBLT is subject to the start of the displacement of members of Southern Comuneros, as part of the progressive process of concentration in the Temporary Location Zones, in accordance with the Protocol signed for this purpose, as well as the progress of territorial transformations.
- National economic plan
No specific mention.
- Natural resources
No specific mention.
- International funds
No specific mention.
- Business
No specific mention.
- Taxation
No specific mention.
- Banks
No specific mention.
Land, property and environment
- Land reform/rights
No specific mention.
- Pastoralist/nomadism rights
No specific mention.
- Cultural heritage
No specific mention.
- Environment
- 1. General considerations...2. Respect life in all its forms, the rights and freedoms of the civilian population, the territory, the environment and nature....II. PrinciplesThe parties reiterate that, in addition to the ethics of life and the right to comprehensive peace, with democracy and social and environmental justice, they are guided by the following principles:
- Water or riparian rights or access
No specific mention.
Security sector
- Security Guarantees
- V. Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVM)...The National Government will recognise the representative members appointed by Southern Comuneros to form part of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MMV), who will be provided with the necessary guarantees to fulfil their mission, and will create the legal conditions for them to carry out their work.
- Ceasefire
- Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provisionThis involves the suspension of offensive military operations by the Armed Forces and special operations by the National Police, as well as offensive actions by Southern Comuneros and any actions that affect the civilian population within the framework of IHL....The parties will establish a Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (hereinafter MVM) and the corresponding protocols.1. General considerationsThe State is the guarantor of the free and full exercise of the rights and freedoms of individuals and communities in the territories, at all times and in all places, under the Social Rule of Law.Civil, military, and police authorities will continue to exercise their constitutional, legal, and regulatory functions and powers, without exception, as well as their obligations and duties under International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law.None of the actions carried out by the security forces against illegal economies will be suspended.This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law - IHL - in particular Article 3 common to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocol II of 1977, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 of 2000, which recognises the impact of armed conflict on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, United Nations Security Council Resolution 2535 of 2020 on Youth, Peace and Security, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 73/165 on the rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007).It also has as its frame of reference what is stipulated in Article 2 of the 1991 Political Constitution, as it will allow for the participation of society, including indigenous peoples, ethnic communities, ROM, rural communities, women, youth, and other groups requiring special protection.This agreement will be binding on the parties, and any breach of the agreements set forth herein must be verified by the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MMV)....3. Avoid confrontations and incidents between the Public Force and Southern Comuneros that could affect the process and the communities....III. This Agreement shall be governed by the following protocols and agreements:1. Protocol of rules and commitments of the CFBLT2. Protocol of mandate of the MMV3. Protocol of communications of the MMV4. Protocol of security and protection of the members of the MMV5. Protocol of pedagogy of the CFBLT6. Protocol of evaluation, extension, suspension or termination of the CFBLT7. Protocol for the progressive concentration of Southern Comuneros8. And any others that the Roundtable considers relevantIV. General commitments:1. The Parties establish that the Local and Temporary Bilateral Ceasefire (CFBLT) shall last for 180 days.The entry into force of the CFBLT is subject to the start of the displacement of members of Southern Comuneros, as part of the progressive process of concentration in the Temporary Location Zones, in accordance with the Protocol signed for this purpose, as well as the progress of territorial transformations.The protocol must detail the movements of Southern Comuneros and the entry of the National Police, the National Army and other State institutions into the territories from which this group withdraws.2. During the process, the Roundtable for the Co-construction of Territorial Peace in Nariño may adopt agreements and protocols to strengthen the Local and Temporary Bilateral Ceasefire (CFBLT), in accordance with the work of the Technical Subcommittee created for this purpose, pursuant to Agreement No. 1 of 19 September 2024.3. Once this Agreement has been formalised by the Representatives of the National Government and the Representatives of the Southern Comuneros, the order to comply with this CFBLT will be reiterated to the Public Force and all structures in the South.Likewise, they will be guided through pedagogies and dynamics for the study and knowledge of the protocols and agreements that must be complied with in the development of this agreement.4. With the formalisation of this Agreement, the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MMV) will come into force.The MMV will come into force eight calendar days after the presidential decree is enacted.While the MMV is coming into force, the communication channel between the Parties will be maintained to avoid incidents of confrontation.5. Suspend offensive military operations by the Armed Forces and special operations by the National Police against Southern Comuneros in the municipalities of Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Cumbal, Guachucal, La Llanada, Mallama, Providencia, Ricaurte, Samaniego, and Santacruz de Guachavés.6. Suspend offensive actions by Southern Comuneros against the Public Force; and respect the civilian population within the framework of IHL.7. Avoid armed contact between the parties, maintaining preventive communication through the mechanism.8. The Parties will provide clear, accurate, and timely information through established channels to prevent incidents and ensure the technical efficiency of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVM).9. The parties undertake not to use the information to which they have access to gain a military advantage.10. The Parties will use and maintain respectful and non-stigmatising language.V. Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVM)The National Government and Southern Comuneros agree to establish a Monitoring and Verification Mechanism of a technical nature, with a regional instance located in the city of Pasto, and the necessary local instances, taking into account the dynamics of the peace process and the specificities of the territory, which will be in charge of verifying compliance with the Local and Temporary Bilateral Ceasefire Agreement (CFBLT).The MMV's mandate will be limited to the municipalities of Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Cumbal, Guachucal, La Llanada, Mallama, Providencia, Ricaurte, Samaniego, and Santacruz de Guachavés.The MMV will include delegates from the National Government, represented by the Ministry of National Defence (Armed Forces and National Police) and the Office of the Peace Commissioner.It will also have delegates from Southern Comuneros.It will have an International Component made up of the Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA) and, as an accompanying body, the Episcopal Conference of Colombia.The National Government will recognise the representative members appointed by Southern Comuneros to form part of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MMV), who will be provided with the necessary guarantees to fulfil their mission, and will create the legal conditions for them to carry out their work.VI. Accompanying parties.The Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organization of American States (MAPP-OEA), the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the Episcopal Conference of Colombia are reaffirmed as accompanying parties in the Roundtable for the Co-construction of Territorial Peace in Nariño.VII. Progressive process of concentration in temporary location areasThe National Government and Southern Comuneros agree that, within the framework of the Roundtable for Territorial Co-construction in Nariño and in compliance with the CFBLT, the Progressive process of concentration inthe Temporary Location Zones will begin.This location process consists of the progressive transit and concentration of the members of Southern Comuneros in the municipalities of Santacruz de Guachavés and Samaniego.For the period of validity of the Ceasefire, the parties shall agree on a Protocol for the progressive concentration of the members of Southern Comuneros.The concentration process will last sixty (60) days and must include the phases and procedures for the transit and concentration of the members of Southern Comuneros.Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitmentsThe aim of this CFBLT agreement is to move towards ending the armed conflict between the National Government and Southern Comuneros....The CFBLT will contribute to a favourable environment in terms of security to advance territorial transformation projects, humanitarian actions in the ten municipalities - Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Cumbal, Guachucal, La Llanada, Mallama, Providencia, Ricaurte, Samaniego and Santacruz de Guachavés, and the conditions for the transition to full citizenship of the members of Southern Comuneros towards a social and political movement....1. General considerations...This CFBLT agreement aims to move towards ending the armed conflict between the National Government and Southern Comuneros....1. Move towards the definitive resolution of the armed conflict between the national government and the Southern Comuneros.2. Respect life in all its forms, the rights and freedoms of the civilian population, the territory, the environment and nature....4. Facilitating the de-escalation of violence in the territory5. Facilitate state intervention for Territorial Transformation and contribute to the conditions for the participation of society.6. Facilitate conditions for the transition of Southern Comuneros towards full citizenship and towards a social and political movement.7. Contribute to the creation of a positive environment for peace dialoguesII. PrinciplesThe parties reiterate that, in addition to the ethics of life and the right to comprehensive peace, with democracy and social and environmental justice, they are guided by the following principles:• Respect for the dignity of all parties involved in the mechanisms contained in this Agreement• Bilateralism in the construction and implementation of the Agreement• Act in good faith in fulfilling what has been agreed upon.• The information must be clear and accessible to the parties during the process of monitoring and verifying the terms of the ceasefire.• The information subject to disclosure must be handled through the established channels, ensuring confidentiality when so determined.• Pluralism, inclusion, and non-discrimination in all processes defined by the Roundtable for the Co-construction of Territorial Peace in Nariño
- Police
- This involves the suspension of offensive military operations by the Armed Forces and special operations by the National Police, as well as offensive actions by Southern Comuneros and any actions that affect the civilian population within the framework of IHL....1. General considerations...Civil, military, and police authorities will continue to exercise their constitutional, legal, and regulatory functions and powers, without exception, as well as their obligations and duties under International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law....IV. General commitments:...The protocol must detail the movements of Southern Comuneros and the entry of the National Police, the National Army and other State institutions into the territories from which this group withdraws....5. Suspend offensive military operations by the Armed Forces and special operations by the National Police against Southern Comuneros in the municipalities of Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Cumbal, Guachucal, La Llanada, Mallama, Providencia, Ricaurte, Samaniego, and Santacruz de Guachavés....V. Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVM)...The MMV will include delegates from the National Government, represented by the Ministry of National Defence (Armed Forces and National Police) and the Office of the Peace Commissioner.
- Armed forces
- This involves the suspension of offensive military operations by the Armed Forces and special operations by the National Police, as well as offensive actions by Southern Comuneros and any actions that affect the civilian population within the framework of IHL....1. General considerations...Civil, military, and police authorities will continue to exercise their constitutional, legal, and regulatory functions and powers, without exception, as well as their obligations and duties under International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law.None of the actions carried out by the security forces against illegal economies will be suspended....IV. General commitments:...The protocol must detail the movements of Southern Comuneros and the entry of the National Police, the National Army and other State institutions into the territories from which this group withdraws....3. Once this Agreement has been formalised by the Representatives of the National Government and the Representatives of the Southern Comuneros, the order to comply with this CFBLT will be reiterated to the Public Force and all structures in the South....5. Suspend offensive military operations by the Armed Forces and special operations by the National Police against Southern Comuneros in the municipalities of Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Cumbal, Guachucal, La Llanada, Mallama, Providencia, Ricaurte, Samaniego, and Santacruz de Guachavés....V. Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVM)...The MMV will include delegates from the National Government, represented by the Ministry of National Defence (Armed Forces and National Police) and the Office of the Peace Commissioner.
- DDR
- Security sector→DDR→DDR programmesThe CFBLT will contribute to a favourable environment in terms of security to advance territorial transformation projects, humanitarian actions in the ten municipalities - Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Cumbal, Guachucal, La Llanada, Mallama, Providencia, Ricaurte, Samaniego and Santacruz de Guachavés, and the conditions for the transition to full citizenship of the members of Southern Comuneros towards a social and political movement....1. General considerations...6. Facilitate conditions for the transition of Southern Comuneros towards full citizenship and towards a social and political movement....IV. General commitments:...The entry into force of the CFBLT is subject to the start of the displacement of members of Southern Comuneros, as part of the progressive process of concentration in the Temporary Location Zones, in accordance with the Protocol signed for this purpose, as well as the progress of territorial transformations.The protocol must detail the movements of Southern Comuneros and the entry of the National Police, the National Army and other State institutions into the territories from which this group withdraws....VII. Progressive process of concentration in temporary location areasThe National Government and Southern Comuneros agree that, within the framework of the Roundtable for Territorial Co-construction in Nariño and in compliance with the CFBLT, the Progressive process of concentration inthe Temporary Location Zones will begin.This location process consists of the progressive transit and concentration of the members of Southern Comuneros in the municipalities of Santacruz de Guachavés and Samaniego.For the period of validity of the Ceasefire, the parties shall agree on a Protocol for the progressive concentration of the members of Southern Comuneros.The concentration process will last sixty (60) days and must include the phases and procedures for the transit and concentration of the members of Southern Comuneros.
- Intelligence services
No specific mention.
- Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
- This involves the suspension of offensive military operations by the Armed Forces and special operations by the National Police, as well as offensive actions by Southern Comuneros and any actions that affect the civilian population within the framework of IHL....1. General considerations...1. Move towards the definitive resolution of the armed conflict between the national government and the Southern Comuneros....3. Avoid confrontations and incidents between the Public Force and Southern Comuneros that could affect the process and the communities....6. Facilitate conditions for the transition of Southern Comuneros towards full citizenship and towards a social and political movement....IV. General commitments:...The entry into force of the CFBLT is subject to the start of the displacement of members of Southern Comuneros, as part of the progressive process of concentration in the Temporary Location Zones, in accordance with the Protocol signed for this purpose, as well as the progress of territorial transformations.The protocol must detail the movements of Southern Comuneros and the entry of the National Police, the National Army and other State institutions into the territories from which this group withdraws....5. Suspend offensive military operations by the Armed Forces and special operations by the National Police against Southern Comuneros in the municipalities of Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Cumbal, Guachucal, La Llanada, Mallama, Providencia, Ricaurte, Samaniego, and Santacruz de Guachavés.6. Suspend offensive actions by Southern Comuneros against the Public Force; and respect the civilian population within the framework of IHL....8. The Parties will provide clear, accurate, and timely information through established channels to prevent incidents and ensure the technical efficiency of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVM).9. The parties undertake not to use the information to which they have access to gain a military advantage.10. The Parties will use and maintain respectful and non-stigmatising language.V. Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVM)The National Government and Southern Comuneros agree to establish a Monitoring and Verification Mechanism of a technical nature, with a regional instance located in the city of Pasto, and the necessary local instances, taking into account the dynamics of the peace process and the specificities of the territory, which will be in charge of verifying compliance with the Local and Temporary Bilateral Ceasefire Agreement (CFBLT)....It will also have delegates from Southern Comuneros....The National Government will recognise the representative members appointed by Southern Comuneros to form part of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MMV), who will be provided with the necessary guarantees to fulfil their mission, and will create the legal conditions for them to carry out their work....VII. Progressive process of concentration in temporary location areasThe National Government and Southern Comuneros agree that, within the framework of the Roundtable for Territorial Co-construction in Nariño and in compliance with the CFBLT, the Progressive process of concentration inthe Temporary Location Zones will begin.This location process consists of the progressive transit and concentration of the members of Southern Comuneros in the municipalities of Santacruz de Guachavés and Samaniego.For the period of validity of the Ceasefire, the parties shall agree on a Protocol for the progressive concentration of the members of Southern Comuneros.The concentration process will last sixty (60) days and must include the phases and procedures for the transit and concentration of the members of Southern Comuneros.
- Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
- Corruption
No specific mention.
- Crime/organised crime
- 1. General considerations...None of the actions carried out by the security forces against illegal economies will be suspended.
- Drugs
No specific mention.
- Terrorism
No specific mention.
Transitional justice
- Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
- Amnesty/pardon
No specific mention.
- Courts
No specific mention.
- Mechanism
No specific mention.
- Prisoner release
No specific mention.
- Vetting
No specific mention.
- Victims
No specific mention.
- Missing persons
No specific mention.
- Reparations
No specific mention.
- Reconciliation
No specific mention.
Implementation
- UN signatory
No specific mention.
- Other international signatory
- VII. Progressive process of concentration in temporary location areas...Mathias Zeller Representative Delegate NetherlandsAntonio Rosa Delegate MAPP-OEA Organisation of American States
- Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
- International mission/force/similar
- V. Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVM)...It will have an International Component made up of the Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA) and, as an accompanying body, the Episcopal Conference of Colombia....VI. Accompanying parties.The Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organization of American States (MAPP-OEA), the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the Episcopal Conference of Colombia are reaffirmed as accompanying parties in the Roundtable for the Co-construction of Territorial Peace in Nariño.
- Enforcement mechanism
- The parties will establish a Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (hereinafter MVM) and the corresponding protocols.1. General considerations...This agreement will be binding on the parties, and any breach of the agreements set forth herein must be verified by the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MMV)....IV. General commitments:...4. With the formalisation of this Agreement, the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MMV) will come into force.The MMV will come into force eight calendar days after the presidential decree is enacted.While the MMV is coming into force, the communication channel between the Parties will be maintained to avoid incidents of confrontation....8. The Parties will provide clear, accurate, and timely information through established channels to prevent incidents and ensure the technical efficiency of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVM)....V. Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVM)The National Government and Southern Comuneros agree to establish a Monitoring and Verification Mechanism of a technical nature, with a regional instance located in the city of Pasto, and the necessary local instances, taking into account the dynamics of the peace process and the specificities of the territory, which will be in charge of verifying compliance with the Local and Temporary Bilateral Ceasefire Agreement (CFBLT).The MMV's mandate will be limited to the municipalities of Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Cumbal, Guachucal, La Llanada, Mallama, Providencia, Ricaurte, Samaniego, and Santacruz de Guachavés.The MMV will include delegates from the National Government, represented by the Ministry of National Defence (Armed Forces and National Police) and the Office of the Peace Commissioner.It will also have delegates from Southern Comuneros.It will have an International Component made up of the Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA) and, as an accompanying body, the Episcopal Conference of Colombia.The National Government will recognise the representative members appointed by Southern Comuneros to form part of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MMV), who will be provided with the necessary guarantees to fulfil their mission, and will create the legal conditions for them to carry out their work.
Source agreement
AGREEMENT NUMBER 3:
LOCAL AND TEMPORARY BILATERAL CEASEFIRE (CFBLT) BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA AND THE SOUTHERN COMUNEROS
The aim of this CFBLT agreement is to move towards ending the armed conflict between the National Government and Southern Comuneros.
This involves the suspension of offensive military operations by the Armed Forces and special operations by the National Police, as well as offensive actions by Southern Comuneros and any actions that affect the civilian population within the framework of IHL.
The CFBLT will contribute to a favourable environment in terms of security to advance territorial transformation projects, humanitarian actions in the ten municipalities - Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Cumbal, Guachucal, La Llanada, Mallama, Providencia, Ricaurte, Samaniego and Santacruz de Guachavés, and the conditions for the transition to full citizenship of the members of Southern Comuneros towards a social and political movement.
The parties will establish a Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (hereinafter MVM) and the corresponding protocols.
1. General considerations
The State is the guarantor of the free and full exercise of the rights and freedoms of individuals and communities in the territories, at all times and in all places, under the Social Rule of Law.
Civil, military, and police authorities will continue to exercise their constitutional, legal, and regulatory functions and powers, without exception, as well as their obligations and duties under International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law.
None of the actions carried out by the security forces against illegal economies will be suspended.
This Agreement has as its frame of reference International Humanitarian Law - IHL - in particular Article 3 common to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocol II of 1977, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 of 2000, which recognises the impact of armed conflict on women and girls, their protection and participation in peace processes, United Nations Security Council Resolution 2535 of 2020 on Youth, Peace and Security, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 73/165 on the rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (General Assembly Resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007).
It also has as its frame of reference what is stipulated in Article 2 of the 1991 Political Constitution, as it will allow for the participation of society, including indigenous peoples, ethnic communities, ROM, rural communities, women, youth, and other groups requiring special protection.
This agreement will be binding on the parties, and any breach of the agreements set forth herein must be verified by the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MMV).
This CFBLT agreement aims to move towards ending the armed conflict between the National Government and Southern Comuneros.
I. Objectives:
1. Move towards the definitive resolution of the armed conflict between the national government and the Southern Comuneros.
2. Respect life in all its forms, the rights and freedoms of the civilian population, the territory, the environment and nature.
3. Avoid confrontations and incidents between the Public Force and Southern Comuneros that could affect the process and the communities.
4. Facilitating the de-escalation of violence in the territory
5. Facilitate state intervention for Territorial Transformation and contribute to the conditions for the participation of society.
6. Facilitate conditions for the transition of Southern Comuneros towards full citizenship and towards a social and political movement.
7. Contribute to the creation of a positive environment for peace dialogues
II. Principles
The parties reiterate that, in addition to the ethics of life and the right to comprehensive peace, with democracy and social and environmental justice, they are guided by the following principles:
• Respect for the dignity of all parties involved in the mechanisms contained in this Agreement
• Bilateralism in the construction and implementation of the Agreement
• Act in good faith in fulfilling what has been agreed upon.
• The information must be clear and accessible to the parties during the process of monitoring and verifying the terms of the ceasefire.
• The information subject to disclosure must be handled through the established channels, ensuring confidentiality when so determined.
• Pluralism, inclusion, and non-discrimination in all processes defined by the Roundtable for the Co-construction of Territorial Peace in Nariño
III. This Agreement shall be governed by the following protocols and agreements:
1. Protocol of rules and commitments of the CFBLT
2. Protocol of mandate of the MMV
3. Protocol of communications of the MMV
4. Protocol of security and protection of the members of the MMV
5. Protocol of pedagogy of the CFBLT
6. Protocol of evaluation, extension, suspension or termination of the CFBLT
7. Protocol for the progressive concentration of Southern Comuneros
8. And any others that the Roundtable considers relevant
IV. General commitments:
1. The Parties establish that the Local and Temporary Bilateral Ceasefire (CFBLT) shall last for 180 days.
The entry into force of the CFBLT is subject to the start of the displacement of members of Southern Comuneros, as part of the progressive process of concentration in the Temporary Location Zones, in accordance with the Protocol signed for this purpose, as well as the progress of territorial transformations.
The protocol must detail the movements of Southern Comuneros and the entry of the National Police, the National Army and other State institutions into the territories from which this group withdraws.
2. During the process, the Roundtable for the Co-construction of Territorial Peace in Nariño may adopt agreements and protocols to strengthen the Local and Temporary Bilateral Ceasefire (CFBLT), in accordance with the work of the Technical Subcommittee created for this purpose, pursuant to Agreement No. 1 of 19 September 2024.
3. Once this Agreement has been formalised by the Representatives of the National Government and the Representatives of the Southern Comuneros, the order to comply with this CFBLT will be reiterated to the Public Force and all structures in the South.
Likewise, they will be guided through pedagogies and dynamics for the study and knowledge of the protocols and agreements that must be complied with in the development of this agreement.
4. With the formalisation of this Agreement, the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MMV) will come into force.
The MMV will come into force eight calendar days after the presidential decree is enacted.
While the MMV is coming into force, the communication channel between the Parties will be maintained to avoid incidents of confrontation.
5. Suspend offensive military operations by the Armed Forces and special operations by the National Police against Southern Comuneros in the municipalities of Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Cumbal, Guachucal, La Llanada, Mallama, Providencia, Ricaurte, Samaniego, and Santacruz de Guachavés.
6. Suspend offensive actions by Southern Comuneros against the Public Force; and respect the civilian population within the framework of IHL.
7. Avoid armed contact between the parties, maintaining preventive communication through the mechanism.
8. The Parties will provide clear, accurate, and timely information through established channels to prevent incidents and ensure the technical efficiency of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVM).
9. The parties undertake not to use the information to which they have access to gain a military advantage.
10. The Parties will use and maintain respectful and non-stigmatising language.
V. Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVM)
The National Government and Southern Comuneros agree to establish a Monitoring and Verification Mechanism of a technical nature, with a regional instance located in the city of Pasto, and the necessary local instances, taking into account the dynamics of the peace process and the specificities of the territory, which will be in charge of verifying compliance with the Local and Temporary Bilateral Ceasefire Agreement (CFBLT).
The MMV's mandate will be limited to the municipalities of Los Andes Sotomayor, Barbacoas, Cumbal, Guachucal, La Llanada, Mallama, Providencia, Ricaurte, Samaniego, and Santacruz de Guachavés.
The MMV will include delegates from the National Government, represented by the Ministry of National Defence (Armed Forces and National Police) and the Office of the Peace Commissioner.
It will also have delegates from Southern Comuneros.
It will have an International Component made up of the Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organisation of American States (MAPP-OEA) and, as an accompanying body, the Episcopal Conference of Colombia.
The National Government will recognise the representative members appointed by Southern Comuneros to form part of the Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MMV), who will be provided with the necessary guarantees to fulfil their mission, and will create the legal conditions for them to carry out their work.
VI. Accompanying parties.
The Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organization of American States (MAPP-OEA), the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the Episcopal Conference of Colombia are reaffirmed as accompanying parties in the Roundtable for the Co-construction of Territorial Peace in Nariño.
VII. Progressive process of concentration in temporary location areas
The National Government and Southern Comuneros agree that, within the framework of the Roundtable for Territorial Co-construction in Nariño and in compliance with the CFBLT, the Progressive process of concentration in
the Temporary Location Zones will begin.
This location process consists of the progressive transit and concentration of the members of Southern Comuneros in the municipalities of Santacruz de Guachavés and Samaniego.
For the period of validity of the Ceasefire, the parties shall agree on a Protocol for the progressive concentration of the members of Southern Comuneros.
The concentration process will last sixty (60) days and must include the phases and procedures for the transit and concentration of the members of Southern Comuneros.
Pasto, 19 December 2024
Signed:
Delegation of the Government of the Republic of Colombia
Carlos [illegible]
Chief of National Government Team
Clemencia Carabali
Representative National Government
Andrei Gómez-Suárez
Representative National Government
Angela María Robledo Gómez
Representative National Government
Pablo Pardo Velasco
Representative National Government
Delegation of Southern Comuneros
Royer Garzon Alvarado
Representative Southern Comuneros
Antonio Ovallos
Representative Southern Comuneros
Lorena Sevillano Ortiz
Representative Southern Comuneros
Leidy Paola Tapia
Representative Southern Comuneros
Santo García Nastacuas
Representative Southern Comuneros
Jaime Álvarez Riascos
Representative Southern Comuneros
Accompanying Parties
Mathias Zeller Representative Delegate Netherlands
Antonio Rosa Delegate MAPP-OEA Organisation of American States
Padre Paulo Verdugo Episcopal Conference of Colombia