Elementos iniciales para abordar el cese al fuego entre el Gobierno de la República de Colombia y el Ejército de Liberación Nacional

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Elementos iniciales para abordar el cese al fuego entre el Gobierno de la República de Colombia y el Ejército de Liberación Nacional
Date: 10 Mar 2023
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Colombia VII - Petro Peace Dialogues with ELN
Parties: Delegation of Government of the Republic of Colombia
José Otty Patiño Hormaza
Head of Delegation

Iván Danilo Rueda Rodríguez
High Commissioner for Peace

Iván Cepeda Castro

Olga Lilia Silva López

Nigeria Rentería Lozano

María José Pizarro Rodríguez

José Félix Lafaurie Rivera

Orlando Romero Reyes

Dayana Paola Urzola Domicó

Rodrigo Botero García

Adelaida Jiménez Cortés

Horacio Guerrero García

Álvaro Matallana Eslava

Mabel Lorena Lara Dinas

Carlos Alfonso Rosero

Rosmery Quintero Castro

María Jimena Duzán Saénz

Delegation of the National Liberation Army-ELN
Pablo Beltrán
Head of Delegation

Aureliano Carbonell

Bernardo Téllez

Silvana Guerrero

Manuel Gustavo Martínez

María Consuelo Tapias

Tomás García Laviana

Isabel Torres
Third parties: As witnesses and depositaries:

Guarantor Countries

{Glivânia Maria de Oliveira, Federative Republic of Brazil}

{Raúl Vergara Meneses, Republic of Chile}

{Javier Caamaño Cairo, Republic of Cuba}

{Roberto de León Huerta, United Mexican States}

{Jon Otto Brodholt, Kingdom of Norway}

{Gen. Carlos Martínez Mendoza, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela}

Permanent Companions

{Carlos G. Ruiz Massieu, Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations}

{Mgr. Héctor Fabio Henao Gaviria, Delegate for Church-State Relations, CEC}
Description: This agreement between the Colombian Government and the National Liberation Army-ELN establishes the common standards agreed upon to aim to create and implement a ceasefire between the two parties. It describes the standards (temporary, with oversight) with the view to eventually agree upon a future agreement that would fit them.

Agreement document: CO_230310_Elementos iniciales para abordar el cese al fuego entre el Gobierno de la República de Colombia y el Ejército de Liberación Nacional_EN (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_230310_Elementos iniciales para abordar el cese al fuego entre el Gobierno de la República de Colombia y el Ejército de Liberación Nacional (opens in new tab)| Download PDF
Source of document: https://www.consejeriacomisionadadepaz.gov.co/dialogos-eln/Documents/Acuerdo%208.%20Elementos%20iniciales%20Cese%20al%20Fuego.pdf

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: This entails humanitarian actions and dynamics to reduce the intensity of the conflict, facilitate public participation in this peace process, and create guarantees to make this possible in the areas with the greatest humanitarian crisis.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: The common framework for agreeing to a bilateral ceasefire is International Humanitarian Law.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
This entails humanitarian actions and dynamics to reduce the intensity of the conflict, facilitate public participation in this peace process, and create guarantees to make this possible in the areas with the greatest humanitarian crisis.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
From this perspective, the Parties have identified common ground for a basic design:
• Bilateral and national in nature.
• Temporary with a view to continuity, subject to joint evaluation.
• Based on a reciprocal cessation of offensive operations, while maintaining defensive operations.
• With oversight, verification, and monitoring mechanisms.
Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
Taking the New Agenda as a reference, the national Government and the ELN announce the beginning of discussions on a ceasefire at the Peace Dialogue Table.
The common framework for agreeing to a bilateral ceasefire is International Humanitarian Law.
This entails humanitarian actions and dynamics to reduce the intensity of the conflict, facilitate public participation in this peace process, and create guarantees to make this possible in the areas with the greatest humanitarian crisis.
The approach to the ceasefire is novel in that it is a process that unfolds throughout the course of the dialogue;
it is not incorporated as a precondition or as an element addressed at the end of the process.
It draws on previous experiences, such as the 101-day bilateral, temporary, and national ceasefire agreement reached in 2017.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Taking the New Agenda as a reference, the national Government and the ELN announce the beginning of discussions on a ceasefire at the Peace Dialogue Table.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: As witnesses and depositaries:
...
Permanent Companions
Carlos G. Ruiz Massieu, Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations
Other international signatory: As witnesses and depositaries:
Guarantor Countries
Glivânia Maria de Oliveira, Federative Republic of Brazil
Raúl Vergara Meneses, Republic of Chile
Javier Caamaño Cairo, Republic of Cuba
Roberto de León Huerta, United Mexican States
Jon Otto Brodholt, Kingdom of Norway
Gen. Carlos Martínez Mendoza, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.

Agreement No.

Initial elements for addressing the ceasefire between the Government of the Republic of Colombia and the National Liberation Army – ELN

Taking the New Agenda as a reference, the national Government and the ELN announce the beginning of discussions on a ceasefire at the Peace Dialogue Table.

The common framework for agreeing to a bilateral ceasefire is International Humanitarian Law.

This entails humanitarian actions and dynamics to reduce the intensity of the conflict, facilitate public participation in this peace process, and create guarantees to make this possible in the areas with the greatest humanitarian crisis.

The approach to the ceasefire is novel in that it is a process that unfolds throughout the course of the dialogue;

it is not incorporated as a precondition or as an element addressed at the end of the process.

It draws on previous experiences, such as the 101-day bilateral, temporary, and national ceasefire agreement reached in 2017.

From this perspective, the Parties have identified common ground for a basic design:

• Bilateral and national in nature.

• Temporary with a view to continuity, subject to joint evaluation.

• Based on a reciprocal cessation of offensive operations, while maintaining defensive operations.

• With oversight, verification, and monitoring mechanisms.

Mexico City, Inter-American Conference on Social Security.

March 10, 2023.

Signed by,

Delegation of the Government of the Republic of Colombia

José Otty Patiño Hormaza

Head of Delegation

[no signature]

Iván Danilo Rueda Rodríguez

High Commissioner for Peace

Iván Cepeda Castro

Olga Lilia Silva López

Nigeria Rentería Lozano

María José Pizarro Rodríguez

José Félix Lafaurie Rivera

Orlando Romero Reyes

Dayana Paola Urzola Domicó

Rodrigo Botero García

Adelaida Jiménez Cortés

Horacio Guerrero García

Álvaro Matallana Eslava

[no signature]

Mabel Lorena Lara Dinas

Carlos Alfonso Rosero

Rosmery Quintero Castro

María Jimena Duzán Saénz

Delegation of the National Liberation Army ELN

Pablo Beltrán

Head of Delegation

Aureliano Carbonell

Bernardo Téllez

Silvana Guerrero

Manuel Gustavo Martínez

María Consuelo Tapias

Tomás García Laviana

Isabel Torres

As witnesses and depositaries:

Guarantor Countries

Glivânia Maria de Oliveira, Federative Republic of Brazil

Raúl Vergara Meneses, Republic of Chile

Javier Caamaño Cairo, Republic of Cuba

Roberto de León Huerta, United Mexican States

Jon Otto Brodholt, Kingdom of Norway

Gen. Carlos Martínez Mendoza, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Permanent Companions

Carlos G. Ruiz Massieu, Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations

Mgr. Héctor Fabio Henao Gaviria, Delegate for Church-State Relations, CEC