Agreed Minutes of the Extraordinary General Border Committee Meeting between Cambodia and Thailand

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Country/entity: Cambodia
Thailand
Region: Asia and Pacific
Agreement name: Agreed Minutes of the Extraordinary General Border Committee Meeting between Cambodia and Thailand
Date: 7 Aug 2025
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Interstate/interstate conflict Cambodia - Thailand border dispute (1954 - )
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Territory
Peace process: Cambodia - Thailand border dispute process
Parties: Thai Side:
H.E. General Nattaphon Nakphanit (Ret.)

Deputy Minister of Defence of Acting Minister of Defence of the Kingdom of Thailand
The Thai Co-Chairman of the GBC

Cambodian Side:
H.E. General TEA Seiha

Deputy Prime Minister
Minister of National Defence of the Kingdom of Cambodia
The Cambodian Co-Chairman of the GBC
Third parties: -
Description: This ceasefire agreement between Cambodia and Thailand establishes a comprehensive cessation of hostilities along their shared border following escalating tensions. The agreement freezes troop positions as of 28 July 2025, prohibits military reinforcements and provocative actions, and mandates protection of civilians and humane treatment of captured soldiers. Agreement includes ASEAN observer teams led by Malaysia and establishes regular communication channels between Regional Border Committees to prevent escalation and ensure compliance.

Agreement document: KH_TH_250807_Agreed Minutes of the Extraordinary General Border Committee Meeting between Cambodia and Thailand (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Source of document: https://www.mfa.go.th/en/content/joint-press-statement-extraordinary-gbc-eg?cate=5d5bcb4e15e39c306000683c&fbclid=IwY2xjawMCQ3NleHRuA2FlbQIxMABicmlkETFiVElqTE1FY0NVODBkR0lIAR6exrc7NTjduhN1drhapvyjhHkSRPTXklqeL-7oQLfJD9vZ_kNjv9-dD-WZBQ_aem_go2HydguGvCKk_aPTHjG1A

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: I. Ceasefire Arrangement
...
Such actions would not only endanger communities in the border areas but also violate international law and tarnish the global image of the non-compliant side.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: I. Ceasefire Arrangement
...
Captured soldiers shall be immediately released and repatriated after the cessation of active hostilities in accordance with Article 118 of the Third Geneva Convention of 1949 and Rule 128 (A) of the Customary International Humanitarian Law.
Civil and political rights: Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Humane treatment in detention
I. Ceasefire Arrangement
...
6. Both sides agree to comply with international humanitarian law in the treatment of captured soldiers, including their living conditions, shelter, food, and medical care in case of injury.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
I. Ceasefire Arrangement
...
9. Both sides agree to refrain from disseminating false information or fake news in order to de-escalate tensions, mitigate negative public sentiment, and foster an environment conducive to peaceful dialogue.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
I. Ceasefire Arrangement
...
5. Both sides agree not to use any kind of forces against civilians and civilian objects in all circumstances.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: I. Ceasefire Arrangement
...
6. Both sides agree to comply with international humanitarian law in the treatment of captured soldiers, including their living conditions, shelter, food, and medical care in case of injury.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
I. Ceasefire Arrangement
...
If one side wishes to bring in its own wounded soldiers or civilians who are not under the control of the other side for medical treatment, the receiving side may determine its response based on the capacity of its medical facilities, including available equipment, personnel, or medical ethics, on a case-by-case basis.
...
Both sides agree to exchange information and facilitate the dignified and timely return of deceased individuals at an agreed location, in full respect of humanitarian principles and jurisdiction without crossing the border, and ensure that appropriate measures are taken to identify and manage the dead under sanitary and respectful conditions, thereby preventing the deceased from disappearing in death.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: I. Ceasefire Arrangement
...
7. In the event of an armed conflict, whether intentional or unintentional, both sides must promptly consult at the local level through existing bilateral mechanisms to prevent the situation from escalating along the entire border.
Prolonged conflict would endanger the safety of civilians and soldiers on both sides and heighten tensions, thereby complicating efforts toward a joint resolution.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
I. Ceasefire Arrangement
1. Both sides agree to a ceasefire involving all types of weapons, including attacks on civilians and civilian objects and military objectives of either side, in all cases and all areas.
Both sides must avoid unprovoked firing towards the other side's positions or troops.
This agreement must not be violated under any circumstances.
2. Both sides agree to maintain current troop deployments without further movement as it is at the time ceasefire reached at 24:00 hours (local time) on 28 July 2025.
There shall be no troop movements including patrol towards the other side's position.
3. Both sides agree not to increase forces along the entire Cambodia-Thailand border.
Any reinforcement would heighten tensions and negatively affect long-term efforts to resolve the situation.
4. Both sides agree not to undertake provocative actions that may escalate tensions.
This includes military activities to enter the other side's air space and territory or positions as of ceasefire from 24:00 hours (local time) on 28 July 2025.
Both sides agree to refrain from constructing or enhancing any military infrastructure or fortifications beyond their own side.
5. Both sides agree not to use any kind of forces against civilians and civilian objects in all circumstances.
Such actions would not only endanger communities in the border areas but also violate international law and tarnish the global image of the non-compliant side.
6. Both sides agree to comply with international humanitarian law in the treatment of captured soldiers, including their living conditions, shelter, food, and medical care in case of injury.
If one side wishes to bring in its own wounded soldiers or civilians who are not under the control of the other side for medical treatment, the receiving side may determine its response based on the capacity of its medical facilities, including available equipment, personnel, or medical ethics, on a case-by-case basis.
Captured soldiers shall be immediately released and repatriated after the cessation of active hostilities in accordance with Article 118 of the Third Geneva Convention of 1949 and Rule 128 (A) of the Customary International Humanitarian Law.
Both sides agree to exchange information and facilitate the dignified and timely return of deceased individuals at an agreed location, in full respect of humanitarian principles and jurisdiction without crossing the border, and ensure that appropriate measures are taken to identify and manage the dead under sanitary and respectful conditions, thereby preventing the deceased from disappearing in death.
7. In the event of an armed conflict, whether intentional or unintentional, both sides must promptly consult at the local level through existing bilateral mechanisms to prevent the situation from escalating along the entire border.
Prolonged conflict would endanger the safety of civilians and soldiers on both sides and heighten tensions, thereby complicating efforts toward a joint resolution.
...
8.1 Maintain regular communications between all army areas and military regions and units along the border of both sides and strive to solve all issues peacefully and avoid clashes.
8.2 Convene the Regional Border Committee (RBC) Meeting within two weeks after the Extraordinary GBC Meeting on 7 August 2025.
The host will be determined in accordance with the regular hosting rotation.
8.3 Maintain regular and direct lines of communication between Ministers and Chiefs of Defense Forces level.
9. Both sides agree to refrain from disseminating false information or fake news in order to de-escalate tensions, mitigate negative public sentiment, and foster an environment conducive to peaceful dialogue.
II. Mechanism for the Implementation of Ceasefire Arrangement
10. Both sides remain committed to implementing the common understanding reached at the special meeting on 28 July 2025, including the ceasefire and formation of ASEAN observer team led by Malaysia to verify and ensure its implementation.
11. Both sides agree to assign the respective RBCs to carry out the implementation of the ceasefire coordinated and observed by ASEAN observer team led by Malaysia.
The RBCs will meet regularly and submit their reports to the GBC through their respective national chains of command.
12. Pending the ASEAN observer team led by Malaysia as agreed upon by both sides in Putrajaya on 28 July 2025, the Independent Observer Team (IOT) comprising Defence Attaches of ASEAN Member States accredited to Thailand or Cambodia and led by the Defence Attaché of Malaysia will be established separately and independently in each country, Cambodia and Thailand, to observe, on each side, the implementations of the ceasefire on a regular basis.
The composition of each country's IOT is independently invited by the host country in consultation with Malaysia.
The IOT will operate without crossing the border and will work in close coordination and consultation with the RBCs and GBC of each country.
III. Date and Venue of the Next Meeting
13. Both sides agree to schedule the next GBC Meeting within a month after 7 August 2025 (at a venue to be discussed).
Otherwise, an extraordinary GBC Meeting should be called immediately with the same format as this Extraordinary GBC Meeting to discuss the ceasefire.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: I. Ceasefire Arrangement
...
Both sides must avoid unprovoked firing towards the other side's positions or troops.
...
2. Both sides agree to maintain current troop deployments without further movement as it is at the time ceasefire reached at 24:00 hours (local time) on 28 July 2025.
There shall be no troop movements including patrol towards the other side's position.
3. Both sides agree not to increase forces along the entire Cambodia-Thailand border.
...
This includes military activities to enter the other side's air space and territory or positions as of ceasefire from 24:00 hours (local time) on 28 July 2025.
Both sides agree to refrain from constructing or enhancing any military infrastructure or fortifications beyond their own side.
...
8.1 Maintain regular communications between all army areas and military regions and units along the border of both sides and strive to solve all issues peacefully and avoid clashes.
...
8.3 Maintain regular and direct lines of communication between Ministers and Chiefs of Defense Forces level.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: I. Ceasefire Arrangement
...
Captured soldiers shall be immediately released and repatriated after the cessation of active hostilities in accordance with Article 118 of the Third Geneva Convention of 1949 and Rule 128 (A) of the Customary International Humanitarian Law.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: I. Ceasefire Arrangement
...
If one side wishes to bring in its own wounded soldiers or civilians who are not under the control of the other side for medical treatment, the receiving side may determine its response based on the capacity of its medical facilities, including available equipment, personnel, or medical ethics, on a case-by-case basis.
...
Both sides agree to exchange information and facilitate the dignified and timely return of deceased individuals at an agreed location, in full respect of humanitarian principles and jurisdiction without crossing the border, and ensure that appropriate measures are taken to identify and manage the dead under sanitary and respectful conditions, thereby preventing the deceased from disappearing in death.
Missing persons: I. Ceasefire Arrangement
...
Both sides agree to exchange information and facilitate the dignified and timely return of deceased individuals at an agreed location, in full respect of humanitarian principles and jurisdiction without crossing the border, and ensure that appropriate measures are taken to identify and manage the dead under sanitary and respectful conditions, thereby preventing the deceased from disappearing in death.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: II. Mechanism for the Implementation of Ceasefire Arrangement
...
11. Both sides agree to assign the respective RBCs to carry out the implementation of the ceasefire coordinated and observed by ASEAN observer team led by Malaysia.
...
12. Pending the ASEAN observer team led by Malaysia as agreed upon by both sides in Putrajaya on 28 July 2025, the Independent Observer Team (IOT) comprising Defence Attaches of ASEAN Member States accredited to Thailand or Cambodia and led by the Defence Attaché of Malaysia will be established separately and independently in each country, Cambodia and Thailand, to observe, on each side, the implementations of the ceasefire on a regular basis.
The composition of each country's IOT is independently invited by the host country in consultation with Malaysia.
Enforcement mechanism: I. Ceasefire Arrangement
...
7. In the event of an armed conflict, whether intentional or unintentional, both sides must promptly consult at the local level through existing bilateral mechanisms to prevent the situation from escalating along the entire border.

Agreed Minutes of the Extraordinary General Border Committee (GBC) Meeting

between Cambodia and Thailand

On 7th August 2025, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

I. Ceasefire Arrangement

1. Both sides agree to a ceasefire involving all types of weapons, including attacks on civilians and civilian objects and military objectives of either side, in all cases and all areas.

Both sides must avoid unprovoked firing towards the other side's positions or troops.

This agreement must not be violated under any circumstances.

2. Both sides agree to maintain current troop deployments without further movement as it is at the time ceasefire reached at 24:00 hours (local time) on 28 July 2025.

There shall be no troop movements including patrol towards the other side's position.

3. Both sides agree not to increase forces along the entire Cambodia-Thailand border.

Any reinforcement would heighten tensions and negatively affect long-term efforts to resolve the situation.

4. Both sides agree not to undertake provocative actions that may escalate tensions.

This includes military activities to enter the other side's air space and territory or positions as of ceasefire from 24:00 hours (local time) on 28 July 2025.

Both sides agree to refrain from constructing or enhancing any military infrastructure or fortifications beyond their own side.

5. Both sides agree not to use any kind of forces against civilians and civilian objects in all circumstances.

Such actions would not only endanger communities in the border areas but also violate international law and tarnish the global image of the non-compliant side.

6. Both sides agree to comply with international humanitarian law in the treatment of captured soldiers, including their living conditions, shelter, food, and medical care in case of injury.

If one side wishes to bring in its own wounded soldiers or civilians who are not under the control of the other side for medical treatment, the receiving side may determine its response based on the capacity of its medical facilities, including available equipment, personnel, or medical ethics, on a case-by-case basis.

Captured soldiers shall be immediately released and repatriated after the cessation of active hostilities in accordance with Article 118 of the Third Geneva Convention of 1949 and Rule 128 (A) of the Customary International Humanitarian Law.

Both sides agree to exchange information and facilitate the dignified and timely return of deceased individuals at an agreed location, in full respect of humanitarian principles and jurisdiction without crossing the border, and ensure that appropriate measures are taken to identify and manage the dead under sanitary and respectful conditions, thereby preventing the deceased from disappearing in death.

7. In the event of an armed conflict, whether intentional or unintentional, both sides must promptly consult at the local level through existing bilateral mechanisms to prevent the situation from escalating along the entire border.

Prolonged conflict would endanger the safety of civilians and soldiers on both sides and heighten tensions, thereby complicating efforts toward a joint resolution.

8. In particular, both sides agree to:

8.1 Maintain regular communications between all army areas and military regions and units along the border of both sides and strive to solve all issues peacefully and avoid clashes.

8.2 Convene the Regional Border Committee (RBC) Meeting within two weeks after the Extraordinary GBC Meeting on 7 August 2025.

The host will be determined in accordance with the regular hosting rotation.

8.3 Maintain regular and direct lines of communication between Ministers and Chiefs of Defense Forces level.

9. Both sides agree to refrain from disseminating false information or fake news in order to de-escalate tensions, mitigate negative public sentiment, and foster an environment conducive to peaceful dialogue.

II. Mechanism for the Implementation of Ceasefire Arrangement

10. Both sides remain committed to implementing the common understanding reached at the special meeting on 28 July 2025, including the ceasefire and formation of ASEAN observer team led by Malaysia to verify and ensure its implementation.

11. Both sides agree to assign the respective RBCs to carry out the implementation of the ceasefire coordinated and observed by ASEAN observer team led by Malaysia.

The RBCs will meet regularly and submit their reports to the GBC through their respective national chains of command.

12. Pending the ASEAN observer team led by Malaysia as agreed upon by both sides in Putrajaya on 28 July 2025, the Independent Observer Team (IOT) comprising Defence Attaches of ASEAN Member States accredited to Thailand or Cambodia and led by the Defence Attaché of Malaysia will be established separately and independently in each country, Cambodia and Thailand, to observe, on each side, the implementations of the ceasefire on a regular basis.

The composition of each country's IOT is independently invited by the host country in consultation with Malaysia.

The IOT will operate without crossing the border and will work in close coordination and consultation with the RBCs and GBC of each country.

III. Date and Venue of the Next Meeting

13. Both sides agree to schedule the next GBC Meeting within a month after 7 August 2025 (at a venue to be discussed).

Otherwise, an extraordinary GBC Meeting should be called immediately with the same format as this Extraordinary GBC Meeting to discuss the ceasefire.

SIGNATORIES:

Thai Side:

H.E. General Nattaphon Nakphanit (Ret.)

Deputy Minister of Defence of Acting Minister of Defence of the Kingdom of Thailand

The Thai Co-Chairman of the GBC

Cambodian Side:

H.E. General TEA Seiha

Deputy Prime Minister

Minister of National Defence of the Kingdom of Cambodia

The Cambodian Co-Chairman of the GBC