Acuerdo para el inicio formal de la Mesa de Diálogos de Paz entre el Gobierno Nacional de Colombia y la Segunda Marquetalia – Ejército Bolivariano

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Acuerdo para el inicio formal de la Mesa de Diálogos de Paz entre el Gobierno Nacional de Colombia y la Segunda Marquetalia – Ejército Bolivariano
Date: 5 Jun 2024
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Colombia VII - Petro Peace Dialogues with Segunda Marquetalia
Parties: For the National Government of Colombia:

Otty Patiño Hormaza (Peace Commissioner Adviser)
Armando Novoa García (Head of the Peace Delegation)
Álvaro Jiménez Millán (Adviser Councillor – Peace Commissioner)

For the Second Marquetalia – Bolivarian Army:

Iván Márquez (Commander-in-Chief)
Walter Mendoza (Head of Peace Delegation)
Jhurleny Guerrero
Andrés Allende
Andrés Rojas
Third parties: As Observers:

Javier Caamaño Cairo (Representative of the Government of the Republic of Cuba)
Jon Otto Brodholt (Special Representative for the Colombian Peace Process – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Kingdom of Norway)
Carlos Martínez Mendora (Representative of the Government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela)
Raúl Rosende (Delegate of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations)
Monseñor Héctor Fabio Gaviria (Episcopal Conference of Colombia)

As Facilitator:

Jairo Estrada Álvarez
Description: This agreement formally establishes the Peace Dialogue Table between the Colombian National Government and the Second Marquetalia-Bolivarian Army, setting out the framework for negotiations to begin in Caracas on June 24, 2024. The parties agree to work toward de-escalation of conflict and the construction of Peace Territories with community participation, addressing issues including non-implementation of the 2016 Peace Agreement. The dialogue will proceed with international guarantors (Cuba, Norway, Venezuela) and permanent companions (UN delegate, Episcopal Conference) to facilitate negotiations on a five-point agenda covering conflict de-escalation, peace territories, victims, peaceful coexistence, and implementation verification.

Agreement document: CO_240605_Acuerdo para el inicio formal de la Mesa de Diálogos de Paz entre el Gobierno Nacional de Colombia y la Segunda Marquetalia – Ejército Bolivariano_EN (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_240605_Acuerdo para el inicio formal de la Mesa de Diálogos de Paz entre el Gobierno Nacional de Colombia y la Segunda Marquetalia – Ejército Bolivariano (opens in new tab)| Download PDF
Source of document: https://isegoria.udea.edu.co/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Acuerdo-para-el-inicio-formal-de-la-Mesa-de-Dialogos-de-paz-entre-el-Gobierno-Nacional-de-Colombia-y-la-Segunda-Marquetalia-%E2%80%93-Ejercito-Bolivariano.pdf

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: 2. The parties agree that broad social mobilisation is required to move towards a major national political agreement based on the power of the sovereign people.
4. The parties agreed to work toward the immediate construction of Peace Territories, which will enable a new organisation of political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental life, with the direct and leading participation of communities and their organisational processes, and the full involvement of the State at all levels.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: This peace process is part of efforts to implement democratic changes and reforms for the benefit of the population, with the goal of achieving a political solution and building peace, with a particular focus on the territories.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
4. The parties agreed to work toward the immediate construction of Peace Territories, which will enable a new organisation of political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental life, with the direct and leading participation of communities and their organisational processes, and the full involvement of the State at all levels.
1) De-escalation of the conflict and preparation of Peace Territories;
2) Construction of Peace Territories;
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: prioritise dialogue with businesspeople, cattle ranchers and merchants;
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: Land, property and environment→Cultural heritage→Other
4. The parties agreed to work toward the immediate construction of Peace Territories, which will enable a new organisation of political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental life, with the direct and leading participation of communities and their organisational processes, and the full involvement of the State at all levels.
Environment: protect the environment, the rainforest, rivers, and wildlife;
and encourage efforts to halt climate change, among other things.
4. The parties agreed to work toward the immediate construction of Peace Territories, which will enable a new organisation of political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental life, with the direct and leading participation of communities and their organisational processes, and the full involvement of the State at all levels.
Water or riparian rights or access: protect the environment, the rainforest, rivers, and wildlife;

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
In response, the National Government of Colombia will adopt measures to strengthen the de-escalation of the conflict in areas where the Second Marquetalia-Bolivarian Army is present.
1) De-escalation of the conflict and preparation of Peace Territories;
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: 3. The National Government of Colombia views positively the statements made by the Second Marquetalia-Bolivarian Army to reject land seizures for economic purposes;
In response, the National Government of Colombia will adopt measures to strengthen the de-escalation of the conflict in areas where the Second Marquetalia-Bolivarian Army is present.
8. The Second Marquetalia-Bolivarian Army Representative will present, at the Peace Dialogue Table, its reasons for the armed uprising, including the non-fulfilment and entrapment of the 2016 Peace Agreement.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: 3. The National Government of Colombia views positively the statements made by the Second Marquetalia-Bolivarian Army to reject land seizures for economic purposes;
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: 7. It was also agreed that the Dialogue and Negotiation Agenda will include, among others, the following basic points:
3) Victims as agents of social transformation;
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: Raúl Rosende , Delegate of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations
Other international signatory: Javier Caamaño Cairo, Representative of the Government of the Republic of Cuba
Jon Otto Brodholt , Special Representative for the Colombian Peace Process – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Kingdom of Norway
Carlos Martínez Mendora, Representative of the Government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.

Agreement for the formal start of the Peace Dialogue Table between the National Government of Colombia and the Second Marquetalia - Bolivarian Army

On June 3 and 4 this year, representatives of the National Government and the Second Marquetalia-Bolivarian Army met in the territory of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

1. The parties agreed that, under the current government, Colombia is experiencing an exceptional moment of intense dispute over the definition of the country's future.

This peace process is part of efforts to implement democratic changes and reforms for the benefit of the population, with the goal of achieving a political solution and building peace, with a particular focus on the territories.

2. The parties agree that broad social mobilisation is required to move towards a major national political agreement based on the power of the sovereign people.

3. The National Government of Colombia views positively the statements made by the Second Marquetalia-Bolivarian Army to reject land seizures for economic purposes;

prioritise dialogue with businesspeople, cattle ranchers and merchants;

protect the environment, the rainforest, rivers, and wildlife;

and encourage efforts to halt climate change, among other things.

In response, the National Government of Colombia will adopt measures to strengthen the de-escalation of the conflict in areas where the Second Marquetalia-Bolivarian Army is present.

4. The parties agreed to work toward the immediate construction of Peace Territories, which will enable a new organisation of political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental life, with the direct and leading participation of communities and their organisational processes, and the full involvement of the State at all levels.

5. The parties shall be guided by the principle of "agreed agreement, fulfilled agreement," which includes the design, implementation, enforcement, and verification of compliance.

6. The parties shall immediately proceed to appoint and integrate their respective negotiating committees.

7. It was also agreed that the Dialogue and Negotiation Agenda will include, among others, the following basic points:

1) De-escalation of the conflict and preparation of Peace Territories;

2) Construction of Peace Territories;

3) Victims as agents of social transformation;

4) Conditions for peaceful coexistence;

5) Implementation and verification.

8. The Second Marquetalia-Bolivarian Army Representative will present, at the Peace Dialogue Table, its reasons for the armed uprising, including the non-fulfilment and entrapment of the 2016 Peace Agreement.

For its part, the National Government of Colombia considers that the State's compliance with the Agreement and its full implementation are essential.

9. The Peace Dialogue Table will be established in Caracas on June 24, 2024.

The first round of negotiations will take place from June 25 to 29 to agree on the specific issues of the announced topics and the negotiation protocols.

The negotiation rounds will last one week and may be extended by mutual agreement, with intervals of no more than 30 business days.

Present at this meeting were representatives of the Governments of the Republic of Cuba, the Kingdom of Norway, and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela;

the Delegate of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, and the Episcopal Conference of Colombia, as well as the Facilitator.

Once the Peace Dialogue Table is established, the aforementioned governments will act as Guarantors;

the Delegate of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Episcopal Conference of Colombia will act as Permanent Companions.

The parties thank the Government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela for having offered its territory for this meeting, which concludes the discreet phase.

Signed on the fifth (5) day of June, two thousand twenty-four (2024),

For the National Government of Colombia

Otty Patiño Hormaza

Peace Commissioner Adviser

Armando Novoa García

Head of the Peace Delegation

Álvaro Jiménez Millán

Adviser Councillor – Peace Commissioner

For the Second Marquetalia – Bolivarian army

Iván Márquez

Commander-in-Chief

Walter Mendoza

Head of Peace Delegation

Jhurleny Guerrero

Andrés Allende

Andrés Rojas

As Observers

Javier Caamaño Cairo, Representative of the Government of the Republic of Cuba

Jon Otto Brodholt , Special Representative for the Colombian Peace Process – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Kingdom of Norway

Carlos Martínez Mendora, Representative of the Government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Raúl Rosende , Delegate of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations

Monseñor Héctor Fabio Gaviria , Episcopal Conference of Colombia

As Facilitator

Jairo Estrada Álvarez