Peace Agreements Database

Country/entity

Democratic Republic of Congo

Region

Africa (excl MENA)

Agreement name

Global and Inclusive Political Agreement of the Inter-diocesan Center of Kinshasa

Date

31/12/2016

Agreement status

Multiparty signed/agreed

Interim arrangement

No

Agreement/conflict level

Intrastate/intrastate conflict (Congo Civil Wars (1996 - )

The overthrow of the long-term dictator Mobutu Sese Seko by a rebel Tutsi army backed by Uganda and Rwanda in 1997 acted as a catalyst for a war with regional dimensions, mainly fought in the eastern Kivu provinces. The conflict escalated in 1998, when President Laurent Kabila, then backed by Zimbabwean and Angolan troops, ordered Rwanda and Uganda to leave. After Kabila’s assassination in 2001, his son Joseph took over the presidency and won in the 2006 democratic elections.

In the eastern provinces, Tutsi-led militias, mainly organised in the National Congress for the Defense of the People (CNDP), fought the remnants of the Rwandan Hutu force FDLR, with further involvement of Rwandan and Ugandan troops. Other regionally operating militia groups, like the Lord’s Resistance Army from Northern Uganda, the so-called Mai Mai groups or short-lived guerrilla outfits like the March 23 Movement (M23) further contributed, and still contribute, to the complexity of the situation in eastern DRC.

Congo Civil Wars (1996 - ) )

Stage

Framework/substantive - comprehensive (Agreement)

Conflict nature

Government

Peace process

28: DRC: Second Congo war process

Parties

1. Majorité Présidentielle
a) Alexis THAMBWE-MWAMBA
b) Emmanuel RAMAZANI SHADARl
c) Adolphe LUMANU MULENDA BWANA N’SEFU
d) Martin KABWELULU
e) Lambert MENDE OMALANGA
f) Norbert NKULU MITUMBA KILOMBO

2. Opposition républicaine
a) Michel BONGONGO IKOLI NDOMBO

3. Opposition politique
a) Vital KAMERHE
b) Jean Lucien BUSSA
c) José MAKILA SUMANDA
d) Azarias RUBERWA MANYWA
e) Florentin MOKONDA BONZA
f) Stève MBlKAYI MABULUKI

4. Société civile
a) Marie-Madeleine KALALA NGOY MONGI
b) Monseigneur Jean-Luc KUYE-NDONDO
c) Maguy KIALA BOLENGA

Third parties

(Described as 'non-signatory' participants)

1. Rassemblement des Forces Politiques et Sociales
1. Félix TSHISEKEDI TSHILOMBO
2. Valentin Mubake Nombi
3. Christophe LUTUNDULA APALA
4. Gilbert KANKONDE NKASHAMA
5. Jean-Marc KABUND-A-KABUND
6. Joseph OLENGHANKOY MUKUNDJI
7. Martin FAYULU MADIDI
8. Delly SESANGA HIPUNGU
9. Didier MOLISHO SADI
10. Jean-Pierre LISANGA BONGANGA
11. Olivier KAMITATU ETSU

2. Front pour le Respect de la Constitution

1. Eve BAZAIBA MASUDI
2. Jacques LUNGUANA MATUMONA
3. Alexis LENGA WALENGA

3. Société Civile

1. Georges KAPIAMBA KAPIAMBA
2. Christopher NGOY MUTAMBA

Description

A version of this agreement was signed on 18 October 2018; however, this agreement includes more signatories. It reinforces respect for the constitution and sets out the necessary conditions and principles for future elections.

Agreement document

CD_161231_AccordCenco_En.pdf []

Agreement document (original language)

CD_161231_Accord politique global et inclusif du centre Interdiocésain_FR.pdf []

Main category

Page 8
2. For CENI:
c) Recruit more poll workers and train them, making sure to promote representation of women and young people;

Page 8
3. For the political parties:
d) Ensure actual representation of women and young people on the candidate rolls.

Page 10
IV.8.2 Recommendations
l) Devote special attention to girls, women and children who are victims of violence, including sexual violence, and take the necessary preventive and punitive measures in this regard;

Women, girls and gender

Participation

Effective participation

Page 8
2. For CENI:
c) Recruit more poll workers and train them, making sure to promote representation of women and young people;

Page 8
3. For the political parties:
d) Ensure actual representation of women and young people on the candidate rolls.

Equality

No specific mention.

Particular groups of women

No specific mention.

International law

No specific mention.

New institutions

No specific mention.

Violence against women

Protection (general)

Page 10
IV.8.2 Recommendations
l) Devote special attention to girls, women and children who are victims of violence, including sexual violence, and take the necessary preventive and punitive measures in this regard;

Transitional justice

No specific mention.

Institutional reform

No specific mention.

Development

No specific mention.

Implementation

No specific mention.

Other

No specific mention.