Protocolo XII - Pedagogía de los Diálogos de Paz, del Proceso, los Acuerdos y Protocolos Suscritos entre el Gobierno Nacional y Estado Mayor Central de las FARC-EP

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Protocolo XII - Pedagogía de los Diálogos de Paz, del Proceso, los Acuerdos y Protocolos Suscritos entre el Gobierno Nacional y Estado Mayor Central de las FARC-EP
Date: 10 Mar 2024
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Colombia VII - Petro Peace Dialogues with FARC-EP
Parties: [Government of Colombia]:

Camilo González Posso
Coordinator
Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table

Gloria Quinceno Acevedo
Counsellor Commissioner of Peace
National Government

Fabio Valencia Cossio
Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table

Feliciano Valencia Medina
Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table

Luz Dari Landázuri Segura
Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table

[No signature]
Carlos Murgas Dávila
Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table

Coronel (r) Genny Calvo Olmos
Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table

Yesid Arteta Dávila
Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table

Oscar Gerardo Salazar Muñoz
Delegation of National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table

Coronel (r) Luis Alfonso Novoa Díaz
Delegation of the National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table

Pedro Arenas
Delegation of the National Government in the Peace Dialogues Table

[FARC-EP]:

Leopoldo Durán García
Head of Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP

Calarcá Córdoba
Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP

[No signature]
Willy Romero
Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP

Andrey Avendaño
Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP

José Tomás Ojeda
Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP

[No signature]
Javier 33
Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP

Fernanda Briceño
Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP

Robinson Caicedo Ríoz
Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP

Sebastián Martínez
Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP

Cipriano Cortés
Delegation of the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP
Third parties: Signed the guarantors as witnesses and depositaries:

Antonio Franchi
Counsellor Embassy Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Louise Wilson
Deputy Head of Mission
Embassy of Ireland

Phillip Lustenberger
Special Envoy
Swiss Confederation

Dag Nagoda
Minister Counsellor
Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway

Accompanying persons:

Raúl Rosende
Delegate of the Special Representative of the General Secretary Of the United Nations in Colombia

Edelma Gómez
Mission to Support the Peace Process of the
Organization of the American States (MAPP-OEA)

Padre Eliecer Soto Ardila
Representative Episcopal Conference of Colombia

Humberto Shikiya
Representative World Council of Churches
Description: This protocol establishes the methodology for implementing peace education and pedagogical activities related to the peace dialogue process, agreements and protocols. It creates a mixed pedagogical commission to design and implement educational strategies, with special attention to indigenous, Afro-Colombian and peasant communities. The protocol aims to make the peace process advances visible and comprehensible to both national and international communities.

Agreement document: CO_240310_Protocolo_XII_Sobre_Pedagogia_EN (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_240310_Protocolo XII Sobre Pedagogia (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Substantive
Taking into account the above, the pedagogical methodology of socialisation, awareness and appropriation of knowledge will be advanced in the following terms:
...
2. This strategy should include pedagogical forms in accordance and in articulation with indigenous, Afro and peasant cultures in accordance with their differential approaches.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: Groups→Indigenous people→Substantive
Taking into account the above, the pedagogical methodology of socialisation, awareness and appropriation of knowledge will be advanced in the following terms:
...
2. This strategy should include pedagogical forms in accordance and in articulation with indigenous, Afro and peasant cultures in accordance with their differential approaches.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Taking into account the above, the pedagogical methodology of socialisation, awareness and appropriation of knowledge will be advanced in the following terms:
...
12. The teaching of civil society should be carried out by delegates, representatives, spokespersons, facilitators, managers and advisors, limited to its contents, following coordination with the Peace Dialogues Table.
13. The pedagogy aimed at civil society will be carried out without the carrying of weapons and/or clothing for the private use of the Public Force or allusive to the parties.
...
14. The UN Verification Mission in Colombia, the Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organization of American States (MAPP-OEA), the World Council of Churches and the Episcopal Conference of Colombia will support the work of pedagogy about the Agreements and Protocols.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Taking into account the above, the pedagogical methodology of socialisation, awareness and appropriation of knowledge will be advanced in the following terms:
...
7. The Public Force will provide pedagogical training to all the people who make up the institution, in accordance with the guidelines and strategy approved by the MDP.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Taking into account the above, the pedagogical methodology of socialisation, awareness and appropriation of knowledge will be advanced in the following terms:
...
8. The Central General Staff of the FARC-EP will provide pedagogical training to all the people who make up its structures, in accordance with the guidelines and strategy approved by the MDP.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: Accompanying persons:
Raúl Rosende, Delegate of the Special Representative of the General Secretary of the United Nations in Colombia
Other international signatory: Signed the guarantors as witnesses and depositaries:
Antonio Franchi, Counsellor Embassy Bolivarian, Republic of Venezuela
Louise Wilson, Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of Ireland
Phillip Lustenberger, Special Envoy, Swiss Confederation
Dag Nagoda, Minister Counsellor, Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway
Accompanying persons:
...
Edelma Gómez, Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organization of the American States (MAPP-OEA)
Padre Eliecer Soto Ardila, Representative Episcopal Conference of Colombia
Humberto Shikiya, Representative World Council of Churches
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: No specific mention.

PEACE DIALOGUES TABLE BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA AND THE CENTRAL GENERAL STAFF OF THE FARC-EP

PROTOCOL XII

PEDAGOGY OF THE PEACE DIALOGUES, THE PROCESS, THE AGREEMENTS AND PROTOCOLS SIGNED BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND THE CENTRAL GENERAL STAFF OF THE FARC-EP.

The national Government of the Republic of Colombia and the Central General Staff of the FARC-EP, as well as all its accompaniers, reiterate their firm conviction to advance towards the construction of a peace agreement that will put an end to the armed confrontation and social conflicts, allowing the necessary local, regional and national structural territorial transformations that will lead to the achievement of a stable and lasting peace with social and environmental justice.

The aim of this protocol is to establish the methodology for the realisation and implementation of the pedagogy regarding the process of dialogue, the agreements and protocols that have been agreed and those that are yet to be agreed.

Through this protocol, the aim is also to make visible and understandable the progress of the dialogue process for the national and international community.

The pedagogical work must be adequate, truthful and timely, with clear, non-stigmatising, precise and simple language, governed by respect, with a territorial, regional and national scope, and guaranteeing an ethnic, rural, gender, age and intersectional approach, among others.

Taking into account the above, the pedagogical methodology of socialisation, awareness and appropriation of knowledge will be advanced in the following terms:

1. The MDP will create a joint pedagogical commission to design, with the prior approval of the MDP, a pedagogical strategy to publicise the progress of the peace dialogues process, the agreements signed, the logistical means to carry them out and to promote participation.

2. This strategy should include pedagogical forms in accordance and in articulation with indigenous, Afro and peasant cultures in accordance with their differential approaches.

3. The joint pedagogical commission, with the collaboration of accompaniers and guarantors, will be responsible for carrying out the process of national socialisation of the pedagogical strategy.

4. The joint pedagogical commission will be in charge of elaborating a programme for the development of the strategy, proposing resources and pedagogical means, didactic tools and other materials that facilitate the process of approchement and learning, improving the understanding of the advances in the process of dialogues, agreements and protocols.

This will be done taking into account the diversity of conceptions of Peace.

5. The National Government commits itself to lead the pedagogical process in all the State entities, at local, regional and national level.

6. The national government, through the Ministry of National Defence, will issue the guidelines for the delivery of pedagogy within the security forces.

7. The Public Force will provide pedagogical training to all the people who make up the institution, in accordance with the guidelines and strategy approved by the MDP.

8. The Central General Staff of the FARC-EP will provide pedagogical training to all the people who make up its structures, in accordance with the guidelines and strategy approved by the MDP.

9. The intellectual property of the products of these pedagogical processes will be of free access.

10. The educational activities will be carried out taking into account the safety requirements set out in the protocols and provisions agreed by the MDP.

11. The Peace Dialogues Table will develop pedagogies aimed at the society in general;

the pedagogy aimed at the civilian population at the territorial level will be developed in a coordinated manner between the parties and in accordance with the contents of the Protocols, Agreements and other decisions of the MDP.

12. The teaching of civil society should be carried out by delegates, representatives, spokespersons, facilitators, managers and advisors, limited to its contents, following coordination with the Peace Dialogues Table.

13. The pedagogy aimed at civil society will be carried out without the carrying of weapons and/or clothing for the private use of the Public Force or allusive to the parties.

In these activities, a MDP badge will be worn.

14. The UN Verification Mission in Colombia, the Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organization of American States (MAPP-OEA), the World Council of Churches and the Episcopal Conference of Colombia will support the work of pedagogy about the Agreements and Protocols.

15. The members of the national instance of the Oversight, Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (MVMV) will carry out the pedagogy for the regional and local levels of the Mechanism.

The pedagogical process will be developed on an ongoing basis and will be periodically updated and fed back.

16. The logistics, physical and economic resources for the pedagogy of the agreements will be guaranteed by the Colombian State.

This protocol is framed within the MDP's objectives to build Peace with social and environmental justice.

At such time as the Parties deem appropriate, it may be adjusted by mutual agreement.

It is signed at San Jose del Guaviare, 10 March 2024

Signed by the parties:

Camilo González Posso

Coordinator

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Leopoldo Durán García

Head of Delegation of the Central General

Staff of the FARC-EP

Gloria Quinceno Acevedo

Counsellor Commissioner of Peace

National Government

Calarcá Córdoba

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Fabio Valencia Cossio

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

[No signature]

Willy Romero

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Feliciano Valencia Medina

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Andrey Avendaño

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Luz Dari Landázuri Segura

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

José Tomás Ojeda

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

[No signature]

Carlos Murgas Dávila

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

[No signature]

Javier 33

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Coronel (r) Genny Calvo Olmos

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Fernanda Briceño

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Yesid Arteta Dávila

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Robinson Caicedo Ríoz

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Oscar Gerardo Salazar Muñoz

Delegation of National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Sebastián Martínez

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Coronel (r) Luis Alfonso Novoa Díaz

Delegation of the National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Cipriano Cortés

Delegation of the Central

General Staff of the FARC-EP

Pedro Arenas

Delegation of the National Government

in the Peace Dialogues Table

Signed the guarantors as witnesses and depositaries:

Antonio Franchi, Counsellor Embassy Bolivarian, Republic of Venezuela

Louise Wilson, Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of Ireland

Phillip Lustenberger, Special Envoy, Swiss Confederation

Dag Nagoda, Minister Counsellor, Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway

Accompanying persons:

Raúl Rosende, Delegate of the Special Representative of the General Secretary of the United Nations in Colombia

Edelma Gómez, Mission to Support the Peace Process of the Organization of the American States (MAPP-OEA)

Padre Eliecer Soto Ardila, Representative Episcopal Conference of Colombia

Humberto Shikiya, Representative World Council of Churches

Protocolo XII - Pedagogía de los Diálogos de Paz, del Proceso, los Acuerdos y Protocolos Suscritos entre el Gobierno Nacional y Estado Mayor Central de las FARC-EP

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Source agreement