Pre-migration Peace Conference for Dinka Malual and Rezeigat

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Country/entity: South Sudan
Sudan
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Pre-migration Peace Conference for Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
Date: 11 Jun 2022
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: South Sudan: Post-secession Local agreements
Parties: Delegates of Dinka Malual, Luo & Rezeigat communities (full list of signatories in final page)
Third parties: -
Description: Community delegates from Dinka Malual, Luo and Rezeigat met in Nyamlel (7–11 Jun 2022) and adopted resolutions on mediation structures, seasonal cattle-migration policy, joint border committees, taxation relief for traders, road construction, and continued annual peace conferences, with support from UNMISS, UNDP and NGOs.

Agreement document: SS_SD_220611_Pre-migration Peace Conference for Dinka Malual and Rezeigat (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Source of document: Agreement sourced by researcher in South Sudan and was confirmed public.

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: Groups→Migrant workers→Substantive
Recommendations of Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
...
6. Migration fees and work permit should be reviewed and made affordable for traders from Sudan
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Substantive
Resolutions of Dinka Malual
...
4. Structuring of Dinka High Level Committee comprise of 11 paramount chiefs from migration corridors / routes
...
6. Dinka Malual delegates endorsed previous resolutions and recommendations of 2021 peace agreement between Rezeigat and Dinka Malual
Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Other
Resolutions of Dinka Malual
...
5. Continuation of peace conferences between Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
...
Recommendations of Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
...
3. Dinka Malual delegates deliberated and recommended that the NGOs and government counterparts should continue to support the annual pre-migration and post migration peace conferences so that Mahamoud Sadig's dream of peaceful co- existence between Dinka Malual and Rezeigat can still be alive
4. Dinka Malual delegates requested peace partners to build peace center in name ofMahamoud Sadigto honor him for his great contribution to keep peace between Dinka Malual and Rizegat
...
8. Rizegat delegate requested the government of Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to allow the export of small goods items to Sudan
9. Rizegat pastoralists requested the government of Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to reduce development taxes
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: Recommendations of Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
1. Dinka Malual delegates recommended that the replacement of Mahamoud Sadig should be from immediatefamily members in order to comfort and console the aggrieving family
2. Dinka Malual peace committees agreed to make generous contributions to support the family of lateMahamoud Sadig

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: Resolutions of Dinka Malual
...
3. Dinka Malual delegates restructured its Joint Border Peace Committee and joint chief courts
...
Recommendations of Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
...
7. The delegate requested the government of Sudan, South Sudan and peace partners to construct the road Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to Eastern Darfur state to boot trade

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Resolutions of Dinka Malual
...
5. Continuation of peace conferences between Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
...
Recommendations of Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
...
3. Dinka Malual delegates deliberated and recommended that the NGOs and government counterparts should continue to support the annual pre-migration and post migration peace conferences so that Mahamoud Sadig's dream of peaceful co- existence between Dinka Malual and Rezeigat can still be alive
Traditional/religious leaders: Resolutions of Dinka Malual
1. Dinka Malual delegates agreed to form a committee to mediate the internal conflict between Rezeigat community caused by the death of Mahamoud Sadig
2. Dinka Malual delegates validated concerned Northern Bahr el Ghazal State Local Policy on Seasonal Cattle Migration
3. Dinka Malual delegates restructured its Joint Border Peace Committee and joint chief courts
4. Structuring of Dinka High Level Committee comprise of 11 paramount chiefs from migration corridors / routes
...
6. Dinka Malual delegates endorsed previous resolutions and recommendations of 2021 peace agreement between Rezeigat and Dinka Malual
Recommendations of Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
1. Dinka Malual delegates recommended that the replacement of Mahamoud Sadig should be from immediatefamily members in order to comfort and console the aggrieving family
...
3. Dinka Malual delegates deliberated and recommended that the NGOs and government counterparts should continue to support the annual pre-migration and post migration peace conferences so that Mahamoud Sadig's dream of peaceful co- existence between Dinka Malual and Rezeigat can still be alive
4. Dinka Malual delegates requested peace partners to build peace center in name ofMahamoud Sadigto honor him for his great contribution to keep peace between Dinka Malual and Rizegat
5. Rizegat delegate requested the government of Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to harmonize and reduce taxes on traders
...
7. The delegate requested the government of Sudan, South Sudan and peace partners to construct the road Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to Eastern Darfur state to boot trade
8. Rizegat delegate requested the government of Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to allow the export of small goods items to Sudan
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: Resolutions of Dinka Malual
...
3. Dinka Malual delegates restructured its Joint Border Peace Committee and joint chief courts
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: Resolutions of Dinka Malual
...
3. Dinka Malual delegates restructured its Joint Border Peace Committee and joint chief courts

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstruction
Recommendations of Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
...
7. The delegate requested the government of Sudan, South Sudan and peace partners to construct the road Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to Eastern Darfur state to boot trade
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: Recommendations of Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
...
5. Rizegat delegate requested the government of Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to harmonize and reduce taxes on traders
6. Migration fees and work permit should be reviewed and made affordable for traders from Sudan
7. The delegate requested the government of Sudan, South Sudan and peace partners to construct the road Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to Eastern Darfur state to boot trade
8. Rizegat delegate requested the government of Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to allow the export of small goods items to Sudan
Taxation: Socio-economic reconstruction→Taxation→Reform of taxation
Recommendations of Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
...
5. Rizegat delegate requested the government of Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to harmonize and reduce taxes on traders
...
9. Rizegat pastoralists requested the government of Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to reduce development taxes
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: Resolutions of Dinka Malual
...
2. Dinka Malual delegates validated concerned Northern Bahr el Ghazal State Local Policy on Seasonal Cattle Migration
...
4. Structuring of Dinka High Level Committee comprise of 11 paramount chiefs from migration corridors / routes
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: Recommendations of Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
...
2. Dinka Malual peace committees agreed to make generous contributions to support the family of lateMahamoud Sadig
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: Transitional justice→Reparations→Symbolic reparations
Recommendations of Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
1. Dinka Malual delegates recommended that the replacement of Mahamoud Sadig should be from immediatefamily members in order to comfort and console the aggrieving family
...
4. Dinka Malual delegates requested peace partners to build peace center in name ofMahamoud Sadigto honor him for his great contribution to keep peace between Dinka Malual and Rizegat
Transitional justice→Reparations→Material reparations
Recommendations of Dinka Malual and Rezeigat
...
2. Dinka Malual peace committees agreed to make generous contributions to support the family of lateMahamoud Sadig
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.

Pre-migration Peace Conference for Dinka Malual and Rezeigat

From June 7th – 11 2022

Held at South Sudan Hotel

Nyamlel Town, Aweil West County

Northern Bhar el Ghazal State / Aweil

Preamble

Preamble:

This agreement is between Dinka Malual and Luo in Northern Bahr el Ghazal State of the Republic of South Sudan and Rezeigat of Eastern Darfur of the Republic of Sudan as:

Necessitated by their mutual needs for water, pasture, trade and fishing;

Reminded of their common border, shared resources, friendship, geographical proximity,

Mindful of their historical bonds, and an ancestral links, independence and benefit of peace and cooperation,

Encouraged and supported by political will of the governments of the Republic of South Sudan and Sudan and appreciating generous and continued support by UNMISS, UNDP, FAO, Saferworld, VSF and South Sudan Peace and Reconciliation Commission

The Dinka Malual, Luo and Rezeigat delegates to the 2022 Pre-Migration Peace Conference met in Northern Bahr El Ghazal State for five days from June7th – June 11th, 2022, having reviewed and deliberated over 2021 Pre-Migration resolutions and recommendations, agreed on the following resolutions and recommendations:

Resolutions of Dinka Malual

1. Dinka Malual delegates agreed to form a committee to mediate the internal conflict between Rezeigat community caused by the death of Mahamoud Sadig

2. Dinka Malual delegates validated concerned Northern Bahr el Ghazal State Local Policy on Seasonal Cattle Migration

3. Dinka Malual delegates restructured its Joint Border Peace Committee and joint chief courts

4. Structuring of Dinka High Level Committee comprise of 11 paramount chiefs from migration corridors / routes

5. Continuation of peace conferences between Dinka Malual and Rezeigat

6. Dinka Malual delegates endorsed previous resolutions and recommendations of 2021 peace agreement between Rezeigat and Dinka Malual

Recommendations of Dinka Malual and Rezeigat

1. Dinka Malual delegates recommended that the replacement of Mahamoud Sadig should be from immediatefamily members in order to comfort and console the aggrieving family

2. Dinka Malual peace committees agreed to make generous contributions to support the family of lateMahamoud Sadig

3. Dinka Malual delegates deliberated and recommended that the NGOs and government counterparts should continue to support the annual pre-migration and post migration peace conferences so that Mahamoud Sadig's dream of peaceful co- existence between Dinka Malual and Rezeigat can still be alive

4. Dinka Malual delegates requested peace partners to build peace center in name ofMahamoud Sadigto honor him for his great contribution to keep peace between Dinka Malual and Rizegat

5. Rizegat delegate requested the government of Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to harmonize and reduce taxes on traders

6. Migration fees and work permit should be reviewed and made affordable for traders from Sudan

7. The delegate requested the government of Sudan, South Sudan and peace partners to construct the road Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to Eastern Darfur state to boot trade

8. Rizegat delegate requested the government of Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to allow the export of small goods items to Sudan

9. Rizegat pastoralists requested the government of Northern Bahr el Ghazal state to reduce development taxes

Pre-migration Peace Conference for Dinka Malual and Rezeigat

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Source agreement